Key terms & definitions

Financial support that reduces the cost of a product or activity, encouraging people or businesses to use it.

A payment made to support another ruler or state. Roman annual payments to Dacia formed part of the peace arrangement inherited by Trajan.

Farming mainly to provide food for the farmer and their household.

Farming mainly to provide food for the farming household, with little surplus available to sell or store.

Farming mainly to provide food for the farmer and their family rather than for sale.

Fishing mainly to provide food and other necessities for the people catching the fish, rather than primarily to sell the catch.

The minimum resources needed to meet essential needs, especially enough food to survive.

Harmful or inappropriate use of a substance, which does not necessarily involve the compulsion and impaired control characteristic of dependence.

A judgement supported by relevant evidence and reasons.

A decision about how convincing a claim is, supported by relevant evidence and explanation.

Fairness in the outcome of a decision, rather than only in the procedure used to reach it.

To replace a variable with a known value in order to evaluate a formula.

An adult who takes on the care or upbringing of a child in place of the child’s biological parent.

Replacing variables with known numerical values.

Replacing a variable in an expression or equation with its numerical value.

Replacing a variable with an equivalent expression or known value.

The substance on which an enzyme acts.

The substance on which an enzyme acts.

The substance on which an enzyme acts.

The underlying material to which a surface layer is attached, such as the MDF beneath a timber veneer.

The amount of substrate in a given volume of solution.

A sequence of consecutive characters taken from a string.

A functional part of a larger system, such as a light-sensing unit within an alarm.

Formed by an arc or line segment whose endpoints lie on the two arms of the angle.

An angle formed by joining the two endpoints of an arc or chord to another point. The angle is said to be subtended by that arc or chord.

Feelings, intentions or meanings implied beneath what a character explicitly says.

A residential area on the outskirts of a town or city.

An outer urban district, usually with a substantial residential function.

The growth of a town or city into surrounding areas through the construction of new housing and streets.

The growth of residential areas on the outskirts of towns and cities, as people move into them.