AQA GCSE English Literature · 8702
Paper 1
Revise: Parents and childhoodThe comparison reveals both similarity and difference: substitute parents can give generously while still failing to understand what a child needs.
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GCSE English Literature · key term
An adult who takes on the care or upbringing of a child in place of the child’s biological parent.
Used by AQA, Edexcel and OCR
Paper 1
Revise: Parents and childhoodThe comparison reveals both similarity and difference: substitute parents can give generously while still failing to understand what a child needs.
Paper 2
An adult who takes on the care or upbringing of a child in place of a biological parent.
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A substitute parent takes on a parent’s role without necessarily being the child’s biological parent. Dickens does not suggest that substitute families must fail: Joe’s affection is one of the novel’s strongest examples of care. Instead, he asks what makes upbringing good.
Paper 1
An adult who takes on the care or guidance normally provided by a child’s parent, whether or not they are related to the child.
Revise: Parents and childhoodDickens presents a loving substitute parent whose experience of violence also limits his ability to confront it.