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GCSE Biology · key term
The substance on which an enzyme acts.
Used by AQA, Edexcel and OCR
Specification 4.2.2.1, 4.8 · Paper 1, Paper 2
A substance on which an enzyme acts during an enzyme-controlled reaction.
Revise: The Mechanism and Factors of Enzyme ActionPart of this shape forms an active site, where a reactant called the substrate can bind. Because active sites have different shapes, enzymes catalyse specific reactions.
Specification 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.12 · Paper 1, Paper 2
A substance upon which an enzyme acts.
Revise: Mechanism of Enzyme ActionAn enzyme does not simply speed up every reaction around it. Its three-dimensional shape includes a specially shaped region called the active site, where the reacting substance binds. That reacting substance is the substrate.
The reactant molecule that binds to an enzyme’s active site.
The substance that binds to an enzyme's active site and is changed during the reaction.
The molecule on which an enzyme acts.
Specification B1.2f, B1.2g, B1.3c · Paper 1 (Foundation), Paper 3 (Higher)
A substance on which an enzyme acts during a reaction.
Revise: Enzymatic reaction experimentsTo investigate an enzyme experimentally, you need a way to measure how much substrate disappears or how much product appears over a measured time.
The molecule that binds to an enzyme's active site and is changed during the reaction.
The starting substance on which the reactions of a metabolic process act; glucose is the substrate used in the standard respiration equations.
Paper 1 (Foundation), Paper 2 (Foundation), Paper 3 (Higher), Paper 4 (Higher)
The reactant molecule on which an enzyme acts.
Revise: EnzymesThe substance an enzyme acts on is its substrate, and the substances made are the products.
The substance supplied to yeast as a fuel for respiration, such as glucose or another carbohydrate.
The substance on which an enzyme acts; it binds to the enzyme's active site.
When explaining specificity, link the enzyme’s active-site shape to the complementary shape of its substrate, then state that an enzyme–substrate complex forms.
For high temperature or extreme pH, explain the whole chain: bonds are disrupted, the enzyme’s shape changes, the active site is no longer complementary, fewer enzyme–substrate complexes form, and the rate decreases.
For enzymes, distinguish the substrate from the active site: the substrate is the molecule acted on, whereas the active site is part of the enzyme.
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