Key terms & definitions

A feeling of embarrassment or diminished self-worth associated with how someone sees themselves or believes others see them.

Disgrace, or the fear of being judged unworthy by others, which can pressure a warrior to fight or fulfil an obligation.

A Sanskrit term meaning peace or tranquillity; it can describe deep peace of mind.

A metallic material that can return to a previously set shape when heated after being deformed.

Removing material from timber to produce a required size, shape or surface.

Forming food into a planned size and shape to control portion size, cooking and presentation.

A unit of ownership in a company which can be bought and sold on a stock market.

Money raised by a limited company issuing shares to investors in exchange for part-ownership of the company.

A farmer who works land owned by someone else and pays the landowner with a share of the crop.

A farming arrangement in which a tenant works another person's land and gives the landowner an agreed share of the harvest.

A line of verse divided between two or more speakers. Its rhythm can encourage a quick handover, suggesting connection, interruption or urgency.

A pair of electrons shared between two atoms in a covalent bond.

Two electrons shared between atoms to form a covalent bond.

A pair of electrons associated with both bonded atoms rather than with only one of them.

An arrangement in which both partners contribute to family responsibilities and have an equal voice in decisions.

A person or organisation that owns shares in a company and therefore owns part of that company.

The financial benefit shareholders receive from owning shares, through dividends and increases in the value of their shares.

The sale of new shares in a limited company to raise money for the company.

A body of Islamic religious law. The Taliban enforced a particularly restrictive interpretation; its policies should not be treated as representing all Muslims.

Islamic law and guidance based on sources including the Qur’an and the teachings and example of Muhammad.

The ‘straight path’: Islamic moral and religious guidance about how Muslims should live, based on the Qur’an and Muhammad’s example.

Directing the positive spiritual potential of wholesome practice towards the welfare and enlightenment of others.

A melting interval covering only a very small temperature range, characteristic of a pure substance.

The Jewish festival which celebrates the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai.

An action in which opposing forces tend to make neighbouring parts of a material slide past each other.

Cutting material between edges that move past one another, as when snips cut thin metal sheet.

A protective case for the blade of a sword or dagger. Juliet metaphorically calls her own body the dagger's sheath.

An informal, usually unlicensed drinking and entertainment venue. In Notting Hill, Caribbean residents often held shebeens in the basements of their homes.

The method of slaughter required by Jewish law for permitted animals used for meat, performed by a trained slaughterer called a shochet.

The prescribed Jewish method of slaughtering permitted mammals and birds, carried out by a trained slaughterer.