Key terms & definitions

The change in a quantity divided by the elapsed time: $\text{average rate of change}=\frac{\text{final value}-\text{starting value}}{\text{time interval}}$.

The constant rate that represents the overall change between two points on a graph; it is the gradient of the chord joining them.

The average annual profit from an investment expressed as a percentage of its initial cost.

The average annual profit from an investment expressed as a percentage of its original cost: $\text{ARR} = \frac{\text{average annual profit}}{\text{initial investment}} \times 100$.

The mean of the seasonal variations for the same season across the available cycles. Also called mean seasonal variation.

The total distance travelled divided by the total time taken.

The total distance travelled divided by the total time taken for a journey.

The total distance travelled divided by the total time taken.

The average cost of producing one item, calculated by dividing total costs by the number of units produced.

A treatment that pairs cues associated with an unwanted behaviour with an unpleasant experience, aiming to create an aversion to that behaviour.

Spiritual ignorance: misunderstanding the true nature of the self and ultimate reality.

The number of specified particles in one mole, with the value $6.02 \times 10^{23}\ \text{mol}^{-1}$.

The number of specified particles per mole: $6.02 \times 10^{23}\ \text{mol}^{-1}$.

At the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of gas particles.

An organised system for recognising employees’ achievements, such as Employee of the Week or certificates.

A feeling of deep respect and amazement at something perceived as magnificent or powerful.

The angle at which Earth's rotational axis is tilted; also called obliquity.

An imaginary line around which the whole body or a body part rotates.

An imaginary line around which a body or body part rotates.

The relationship between distances on a graph axis and the values they represent.

The long part of a neurone that carries electrical impulses away from the cell body.

The long extension of a neurone that carries electrical impulses away from its cell body.

A nerve fibre that carries electrical impulses away from a neuron’s cell body towards its terminals.

An Indian woman employed by a family as a nanny or nursemaid, sometimes accompanying the family to Britain.

A verse of the Qur’an.

The Somali word for grandmother.

The memoirs of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire, which include his descriptions and judgements of Hindustan.

The rise in births in the United States between 1946 and 1964.

A period with unusually high numbers of births, producing a large generation that moves through the population's age groups over time.

The generation born during the increase in births just after the Second World War, many of whom became teenagers or young adults in the 1960s.