Key terms & definitions

The animals, people and equipment carrying an army’s supplies during a march.

Equipment that uses reduced air pressure inside a sealed flexible bag so that outside air pressure presses materials together or against a former.

The enclosed courtyard below the motte, containing buildings and space for people, animals and supplies.

An entertainment in which dogs were set against a restrained bear or bull.

Exploiting curiosity or greed by offering something appealing, such as a free download, to lure someone into compromising security.

Cooking food in a hot oven without adding extra fat as a cooking medium.

A chemical raising agent containing bicarbonate of soda, an alkali, and an acid such as cream of tartar. These react in the presence of water to produce carbon dioxide.

The amount in an account after its credits and debits have been taken into account.

The maintenance of the body's centre of mass over its base of support.

A government budget in which spending does not exceed income.

A symbol equation containing the same number of atoms of each element on both sides.

A diet containing a variety of foods that provides the nutrients the body needs and an appropriate amount of energy for its activity.

A diet providing suitable amounts and proportions of energy and nutrients to meet a person’s needs.

A reaction equation with the same number of atoms of each element on both sides.

A symbol equation with the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the reaction arrow.

Forces that combine to give a resultant force of zero.

Forces acting on an object that combine to give zero resultant force.

An equation representing a nuclear change in which the totals of the mass numbers and charge numbers are equal on both sides.

A chemical equation with the same number of atoms of each element on both sides.

A representation of a chemical reaction using chemical symbols and formulae, with equal numbers of atoms of each element on both sides.

A reference mark used to match corresponding points on fabric pieces during assembly.

The relative strength of competing states, including their military forces, wealth, territory and ability to influence others.

The civil standard of proof: the claim must be shown to be more likely than not to be true.

The difference between the value of a country’s exports and imports. A favourable balance means exports are worth more than imports.

A number written before a chemical formula in a balanced equation that multiplies the whole formula.

The number written before a formula in a balanced equation, showing the reacting ratio of particles or amounts in moles.

The number placed before a chemical formula to show the relative number of particles or amounts of substance involved.

A storytelling poem traditionally associated with song, rhythm and repetition. Tennyson’s poem has ballad-like qualities without following a standard ballad stanza throughout.

A rhythm typically alternating lines of four stresses with lines of three stresses. Variations can alter emphasis and the pace of the story.

A four-line stanza traditionally alternating four and three main beats, often rhyming its second and fourth lines.