Key terms & definitions

Molten rock moving across the Earth's surface after being erupted from a volcano.

The four wedding hymns composed by Guru Ram Das, describing a progression towards deeper love and spiritual union.

A washing facility in a monastery.

A hollow passage left when flowing lava drains out from beneath a solidified lava crust.

The town founded by Aeneas in Italy and named after his wife, Lavinia.

The rules enforced by a society’s authorities. An action can follow the law without necessarily seeming morally fair.

God's commands and moral teachings that guide how people should live, including the Ten Commandments and Jesus' teachings.

A formal rule enforced by the state to regulate behaviour.

A legally enforceable requirement recognised by the state and applied within its jurisdiction.

The work of preventing crime, investigating offences and taking action against suspected offenders.

A valid legal reason for collecting or using personal data.

A source of commandments governing how people should live; in Judaism, God gives these commandments.

The principle that no atoms are made or lost during a chemical reaction, so the total mass of all the products equals the total mass of all the reactants.

A description of a regular pattern in how the natural world behaves.

An Israeli law passed on 5 July 1950 giving every Jew the right to immigrate to Israel, with entitlement to citizenship provided through subsequent nationality legislation.

Rules used to rewrite and simplify powers while preserving their value.

A Buddhist who is not an ordained monk or nun.

A set of geographical information displayed together in GIS, such as roads, water bodies or land cover.

A division of network communication tasks with a particular responsibility within a layered model.

Using several complementary security measures so that another defence can help if one fails.

Arranging different foods in planned layers to build a dish.

The appointment of someone to a church office by a non-clerical ruler, such as a king or emperor.

The Night of Power, when Muslims believe the first revelation of the Qur’an was given to Muhammad through the angel Jibril.

The arrangement of code into lines and logical sections.

The arrangement of text, images and other design elements within a page or printed design.

The arrangement and positioning of elements within a media product.

Thin, smooth, slightly translucent paper used for sketching and developing design ideas.

An arrangement of pattern pieces on fabric before cutting, designed to reduce waste while meeting the pieces’ positioning requirements.

A liquid crystal display: a display that uses electrically controlled liquid crystals to alter the passage of light and form an image.

A light-dependent resistor whose resistance decreases as the light falling on it becomes brighter.