Key terms & definitions

Material from plant foods that is not digested and helps food and waste move through the digestive system.

Material in plant foods that is not digested and helps food waste move through the digestive system.

A reference value for energy or nutrient intake used to assess diets for groups of people.

An estimate of energy or nutrient requirements for a group of healthy people, taking account of differences such as age and sex.

The result of a subtraction.

The identity $A^2-B^2=(A+B)(A-B)$, used when one complete square is subtracted from another.

The unequal absorption of different wavelengths by a material.

The unequal application of the law to different social groups, including differences in investigation, prosecution and punishment.

Unequal enforcement of the law against different social groups or types of crime.

The wearing away of rocks at different rates because they have different resistance to erosion.

Unequal absorption, transmission or scattering of different wavelengths.

The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for a particular function.

The process by which a cell becomes specialised to carry out a particular function.

The process of finding the derivative, or gradient function, of a function.

Making a product distinctive from competing products in ways that customers value.

A scale classifying skills from simple to complex according to how difficult they are to perform.

A lack of confidence in oneself or one’s judgement; Bingley’s diffidence helps explain his reliance on Darcy.

Reflection from a rough surface that scatters light in many directions.

The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

The net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

The distance particles must travel across an exchange surface, such as from air in an alveolus into the blood.

The distance particles must travel by diffusion between two regions.

A reduction in an individual's sense of personal responsibility because responsibility appears to be shared with other people.

The distance a substance travels by diffusion between two regions.

The breakdown of food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed.

The breakdown of large, insoluble food molecules into small, soluble molecules that can be absorbed.

The breakdown of food into smaller substances that the body can absorb and use.

A wartime campaign encouraging people to grow food in gardens, allotments and public spaces to supplement supplies.

Radicals also called True Levellers who sought communal ownership of land and established communities cultivating common and waste land, including Gerrard Winstanley’s settlement in Surrey in 1649.