Key terms & definitions

A condition in which problems with insulin cause blood glucose concentration to become too high.

A band worn around the head as a sign of royal status.

An ornamental band worn around the head.

Identifying an illness by examining a patient’s symptoms and other evidence.

The process of identifying a disease or its cause from symptoms and tests.

The identification of a disease or its cause using observations and, where needed, tests.

Identifying a condition by assessing a person's symptoms against agreed criteria.

The symptoms and other requirements used to decide whether a person has a particular condition.

A test on a plant sample used to help identify the pathogen responsible for disease.

A line segment joining two non-adjacent vertices of a polygon.

A variety of language associated with a region or social group, including distinctive vocabulary and grammar.

A variety of language associated with a region or social group, which may have distinctive grammar and vocabulary as well as pronunciation.

Written conversation between characters, through which a writer can reveal personality, relationships and conflict.

Speech between characters, which can reveal their attitudes, feelings and relationships.

Listening and talking across differences to develop understanding and find common ground, rather than simply trying to win an argument.

Words identifying who speaks and sometimes how they speak, such as ‘she whispered’.

Treatment that removes waste from the blood when the kidneys cannot do so adequately.

A repeated treatment in which a machine removes waste substances and excess water and ions from a patient's blood.

A fluid with carefully controlled concentrations that exchanges substances with the blood during dialysis.

The distance across a circle through its centre; it is twice the radius.

The distance from one side of an object to the other through its centre.

A line segment through the centre of a circle with both endpoints on the circumference; its length is twice the radius.

The distance across a circle through its centre; it is twice the radius.

A form of carbon in which each atom bonds to four others in a giant three-dimensional covalent network.

The virgin goddess of hunting and the woods, to whom Camilla is dedicated as an infant.

A thin surface that vibrates when pressure variations in a sound wave reach it.

A dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs that contracts and flattens during inhalation and relaxes during exhalation.

Frequent passing of loose or watery faeces.

People from a country who live abroad, together with communities of their descendants.

The spread of a people beyond their ancestral homeland, including later generations who retain connections to it.