Key terms & definitions

Sides or angles next to one another and sharing a vertex or side.

Angles next to one another that share a vertex and one side, without overlapping.

The side next to the acute angle being considered in a right-angled triangle, excluding the hypotenuse.

Values next to each other in a list.

A word that describes or qualifies a noun, such as ‘gloomy’ in ‘a gloomy business’.

Divine justice: the belief that Allah always acts fairly and justly. Also called Adalat.

The organisation and management of a household, estate or government, including its people and resources.

Information collected through the operation of organisations or public services, such as visa, border, tax and benefits records, rather than through a survey designed specifically to measure migration.

The transition between childhood and adulthood, involving physical, cognitive, emotional and social changes.

Bringing up a child who is not one’s biological child. In Silas Marner, Silas’s adoption of Eppie is presented through his everyday care rather than a modern legal process.

A legal process through which someone becomes the parent of a child born to other parents.

A political party’s formal acceptance of a selected person as its official candidate for an election.

Prayer that praises God and acknowledges his greatness and goodness.

A chemical messenger made by the adrenal glands that prepares the body for fight or flight.

A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that prepares the body for fight or flight.

A hormone released by the adrenal glands during fear or stress that prepares the body for rapid action.

A hormone released by the adrenal glands during fear or stress that increases heart rate and the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles.

A hormone involved in the body's response to stress or excitement. Beta blockers reduce its effects on the body.

The attachment of particles to the surface of a substance, such as silica gel in thin-layer chromatography.

A cloning method in which the nucleus of an adult body cell is inserted into an egg cell whose own nucleus has been removed.

Adding other substances to food or drink, often to increase the amount sold or disguise poor quality.

Sexual relations involving a married person and someone other than their spouse.

Sexual unfaithfulness to a husband or wife.

A sexual relationship between a married person and someone who is not their spouse.

A stem cell retained in a mature animal; adult stem cells in bone marrow can form many cell types, including blood cells.

A stem cell found in an adult animal that can replace cells and differentiate into a more limited range of cell types than an embryonic stem cell.

A non-dual Hindu philosophical tradition which understands ultimate reality as Brahman and regards apparent separateness as not ultimately real.

A Hindu philosophical tradition which teaches that atman and Brahman are ultimately identical.

A country with a relatively highly developed economy, generally high average incomes and extensive services.

The period of preparation for Christmas, beginning on the fourth Sunday before Christmas.