Key terms & definitions

A characteristic or behaviour that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.

A feature or behaviour that helps an organism survive and reproduce in the conditions where it lives.

A feature that enables an organism to survive in the conditions in which it normally lives.

Changing an existing product, service or idea to improve it or make it more suitable for consumers.

The transformation of an existing work into a different media form, such as a novel becoming a television drama.

Having a function that increases the chances of survival and reproduction in a particular environment.

A characteristic that helps an organism survive or reproduce in its environment.

The difference between a product’s selling price and the cost of bought-in inputs used to provide it.

Dependence on a substance or activity, such as alcohol, drugs or gambling, that a person finds difficult to control or stop despite harmful consequences.

A persistent dependence on a substance or activity that is difficult to control despite harmful consequences.

A manufacturing approach that builds up a product by adding material or joining components.

An electoral system combining constituency representatives elected by First Past the Post with additional representatives elected through a compensating party-list vote.

A polymer formed when many unsaturated monomers join without producing another substance.

A reaction in which many unsaturated monomers join to form a polymer without producing another molecule.

A process that builds up material or joins components or layers, for example bonding, sewing or lamination.

A reaction in which atoms from another molecule join across a carbon–carbon double bond, forming a single carbon–carbon bond and one product.

A substance added to a material to change its properties or performance.

A manufacturing process, such as 3D printing, that builds an object by adding material layer by layer.

Making an object by adding material, usually layer by layer, rather than cutting material away.

A set of connections carrying memory addresses from the CPU to identify locations to read from or write to.

The person to whom a letter or other communication is addressed.

Movement of a limb towards the body's midline.

A hormone released by the pituitary gland that increases the permeability of kidney tubules to water.

The Islamic call announcing prayer.

A hormone released by the pituitary gland that increases the permeability of the kidney's collecting ducts to water.

Conduct contrary to dharma: a failure to fulfil moral or religious duty.

Continuing to follow an exercise or training programme over time.

The ability of a coating, ink or adhesive to bond to a surface.

A substance used to bond surfaces together.

A connection made using an adhesive that bonds the surfaces of materials together.