Key terms & definitions

An ingredient responsible for the intended medical effect of a medicine, such as pain relief.

The surface layer of ground above permafrost that thaws in summer and freezes again in winter.

Learning through exploring, investigating and acting on materials rather than only receiving information. Piaget’s educational approach emphasises discovery learning.

Actively resisting injustice and seeking change without violence, through methods such as peaceful protest, negotiation and cooperation.

Low-intensity movement, such as walking or gentle jogging, used to recover between harder efforts rather than stopping completely.

The region of an enzyme to which its substrate binds.

The part of an enzyme where its substrate binds.

The region of an enzyme where a substrate binds and the reaction is catalysed.

The movement of substances against a concentration gradient using energy released by respiration.

The movement of substances against their concentration gradient, from a lower to a higher concentration, using energy released by respiration.

Travelling using physical activity, particularly walking or cycling.

Tuberculosis that is causing symptoms and can spread from a person with an infection in the lungs.

Something people did at a historical site, such as working, worshipping, governing or taking part in leisure.

The number of radioactive decays occurring per second in a sample, measured in becquerels (Bq). One becquerel means one decay per second.

The number of nuclear decays occurring in a radioactive source per second, measured in becquerels (Bq). One becquerel means one decay per second.

How much physical activity a person undertakes and how regularly they undertake it.

A graph showing how activity, count rate or the number of undecayed nuclei changes with time.

A parliamentary measure declaring someone guilty and imposing punishment without an ordinary trial.

A law passed by Parliament and approved by the monarch; also called a statute.

A law passed by Parliament that has received Royal Assent.

The law passed by the English Parliament in 1701 that designated Sophia of Hanover and her Protestant heirs as successors to the Crown after the existing line of succession. It reinforced a Protestant monarchy and parliamentary control over succession.

The parliamentary union that took effect in 1707, joining England and Scotland into the kingdom of Great Britain under one Parliament and securing the Protestant Hanoverian succession.

The result actually produced when an algorithm or program is tested.

A person's understanding of who they currently are, including their qualities, interests and group memberships.

The measured amount of product actually obtained and collected in practice.

An output device that produces a physical action under computer control, such as a motor opening a vent.

An angle greater than 0° but less than 90°.

Divine justice: the belief that Allah is just, particularly emphasised as one of the five roots of Usul ad-Din in Shi’a Islam.

The first human being and first prophet in Islamic belief.

Changing activities, equipment or provision to suit participants' different needs.