OCR GCSE History A key terms

William I’s systematic devastation of northern England during the winter of 1069–1070 to suppress resistance to Norman rule.

Industries producing materials, machinery and energy for economic development, such as steelmaking, coal mining and electricity generation.

Special Nazi courts that ordered forced sterilisation of people classified as having specified supposedly hereditary conditions.

A belief judged contrary to the authorised teaching of a church. In Tudor England, religious authorities could prosecute heresy, and persistent offenders could face execution.

A specially established court which tried Charles I in January 1649 on charges including making war against Parliament and the people of England.

The eviction of small-scale farming communities from land in the Scottish Highlands as landowners reorganised their estates.

Judging an earlier decision with knowledge of its later outcome, which the people making that decision did not possess.

Buying goods with an initial deposit and paying the remaining cost in instalments over time.

Information historians use to answer questions about the past, including documents, images, buildings and archaeological remains.

A historian’s explanation or judgement about the past, formed by selecting, weighing and connecting evidence.

The importance of an event or development, judged through factors such as the scale, depth and duration of its effects.

A place whose surviving features can be investigated as evidence of the people and activities associated with it over time.

The surviving physical material of historic buildings and streets, which can remain even when their uses change.

The Nazi youth movement used to organise young people’s leisure and train them in Nazi beliefs. Its boys’ activities emphasised fitness, discipline and preparation for military service.

The supply route used to carry weapons and supplies from North Vietnam to Vietcong fighters in the south.

The systematic persecution and murder of approximately six million European Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators.

The civilian population and activities within a country at war, including production, food supply and support for the armed forces.

Territories created under apartheid to assign Black South Africans to separate ethnic political units, rather than recognise their equal citizenship in South Africa.

Makeshift settlements of homeless people during the Great Depression, named mockingly after President Herbert Hoover.

A direct communications link between Washington and Moscow, established in 1963 to reduce delays and misunderstandings during crises.

A legally recognised pursuit of stolen goods in the borderlands, begun within six days of a raid and openly announced with signals such as a horn and burning turf.

The family, servants and officials attached to a lord or lady, sometimes travelling between residences with them.

An agricultural arrangement in which a household worked allocated, collectively owned land, met a required delivery quota and could keep or sell its remaining produce.

The right to vote based on being the householder occupying a home, subject to any further legal qualifications.

The House Un-American Activities Committee, a committee of the US House of Representatives which investigated alleged subversive activity, including communist influence.

A French Protestant refugee. Huguenot migrants helped establish silk weaving in Spitalfields in the seventeenth century.

French Protestants, many of whom settled outside France as refugees; Huguenot communities in Spitalfields included silk merchants and weavers.