OCR GCSE History A key terms

China’s national university entrance examination, restored in 1977 after its suspension during the Cultural Revolution.

The troops stationed in a castle or another defended place.

A fortified building controlling an entrance to a castle.

A regional leader of the Nazi Party, responsible for organising its activities in a particular area.

A movement campaigning openly against discrimination towards gay people and for freedom, visibility and equal rights, which expanded rapidly after Stonewall in 1969.

The German Democratic Republic, established in October 1949 in the Soviet occupation zone.

The deliberate destruction of a national, ethnic, racial or religious group.

Change in an area as wealthier residents and more expensive businesses move in, potentially making it harder for existing residents to afford to remain.

Landowning people below the nobility in social rank, many of whom held influence in local government and the House of Commons.

The position of a place within a wider area, described through its relationship to settlements, regions and other geographical features.

The Nazi-controlled organisation that replaced independent trade unions in 1933 and brought workers under state supervision.

The Nazi secret police, which investigated suspected opponents and could imprison people without a normal trial.

An area in which people are forcibly segregated. Nazi ghettos confined Jewish populations in occupied Europe.

The Nazi process of bringing government institutions and other organisations into line with Nazi authority.

The overthrow of James II in 1688 and his replacement by William III and Mary II in 1689. It strengthened Parliament’s role in determining who could rule.

Money owed by the government to its lenders, including borrowing used to pay for war.

A power-sharing government formed after the 1994 election, bringing the ANC, National Party and Inkatha Freedom Party into the cabinet.

The wartime partnership of Britain, the USA and the USSR against Nazi Germany.

The statement of grievances and proposed reforms concerning Charles I’s government passed by the House of Commons in November 1641.

A large room used for communal dining, receiving guests and displaying a lord’s status.

A large Viking force that arrived in England in 865 and campaigned to conquer Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.

Mao Zedong’s campaign, launched in 1958, to accelerate agricultural and industrial production through collective organisation and the mobilisation of large numbers of people.

President Lyndon B. Johnson’s programme of domestic reforms intended to reduce poverty, improve opportunities and advance civil rights.

Warfare based on concealment, ambushes and small surprise attacks rather than large, fixed battles against a stronger enemy.

An association of people in a particular trade or craft that regulated aspects of its members’ work and defended their interests.

Organisations regulating particular trades in a town or city, including rules governing who could practise those trades.

The August 1964 congressional resolution authorising President Johnson to take measures he considered necessary to defend US forces and maintain security in South-East Asia.