OCR GCSE Geography A key terms

The percentage of a population who have used the internet from any location or device in the last three months, used as an indicator of digital participation.

Estimating a value within the range of the available data.

An explanation of what evidence means, informed by its context and relevant geographical knowledge.

The upper quartile minus the lower quartile, measuring the spread of the middle 50% of the data: $\mathrm{IQR}=Q_3-Q_1$.

A belt near the equator where trade winds meet and warm, moist air rises, producing clouds and heavy rainfall.

The belt near the Equator where trade winds meet, causing air to rise and often producing heavy rainfall. Its position shifts seasonally.

The artificial supply of water to crops.

A line on a map joining points with the same value, such as equal height or temperature.

A narrow band of very fast-moving air high in the atmosphere that helps guide weather systems.

The explanation of the symbols, colours and shading used on a map.

A country with no coastline, which must cross another country to reach a seaport.

Sideways erosion of a river's banks, which widens its channel and valley.

The angular distance north or south of the Equator, measured in degrees.

A set of geographical information displayed together in a GIS, such as roads, buildings or flood-risk areas.

The removal of dissolved nutrients from soil by water moving through it.

A natural raised bank beside a river channel, built up by sediment deposited during repeated floods.

A low-income developing country: a country with low average incomes and significant challenges in improving living standards and services.

The average number of years a person is expected to live, based on mortality rates.

A graph in which plotted points are joined in order to show change along a continuous scale, such as time or distance.

An estimated line through the centre of a scatter plot's main pattern, used to summarise the relationship and make predictions.

Dead organic material, such as fallen leaves, lying on the ground.

A relatively cool period, approximately AD 1300–1870, associated with colder winters in Europe and North America.

The movement of sediment along a coast: angled swash carries material up the beach and backwash returns it downslope.

A country with low income per person and economic characteristics associated with limited development.

An area of relatively low land, often with flat or gently rolling terrain.

The size or relative size of a quantity or event.

The relationship between a distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground.