OCR GCSE Geography A key terms

The wearing away and removal of material by moving water, waves or other agents.

The presence of people from different ethnic backgrounds, with shared identities associated with ancestry, language, history or cultural traditions.

A person's identification with a group sharing a cultural background, ancestry or traditions; it is not the same as nationality or country of birth.

A reasoned judgement about the usefulness, suitability and limitations of evidence or a method for a particular purpose.

The combined transfer of water to the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration.

A good or service sold by a country's residents or businesses to customers overseas.

Estimating a value beyond the range of the available data by extending an existing trend.

Weather that is unusually severe for a place or time of year and may threaten life or damage property.

The ring of towering thunderstorm clouds surrounding a tropical cyclone’s eye, where the strongest winds and intense rainfall occur.

An investigation that applies geographical knowledge and skills to a real location outside the classroom.

Energy consumed by final users after transformation, such as electricity supplied to a household or petrol used in transport.

A limit on the amount of fish that may be caught.

Low-lying land beside a river that can be covered by water when the river overflows its banks.

A map using lines of different widths to represent the amounts moving between places.

A map using lines to show movement between places, with line width proportional to the quantity moving.

Coal, oil or natural gas formed from ancient organic material over millions of years; burning these fuels releases carbon dioxide.

A reference containing two easting digits followed by two northing digits, identifying a grid square.

Extracting gas from rock by injecting fluid under pressure to create fractures through which the gas can flow.

Mechanical weathering in which water repeatedly freezes and expands in cracks, eventually breaking rock apart.

The number of times a value, category or event occurs in a dataset or stated period.

The boundary between air masses with different temperatures.

The improvement of an urban neighbourhood alongside an influx of wealthier residents, often increasing housing costs and displacing lower-income residents.

Variation between places in their population characteristics, economies and ways of life.

A sequence of investigating a geographical question through planning, collecting evidence, presenting and analysing it, drawing conclusions and evaluating the investigation.

A computer system for capturing, storing, checking, analysing and displaying information linked to locations on Earth.

The rocks of an area, including their types, structures and origins.

A natural process that shapes the Earth's surface, such as weathering, erosion, transportation or deposition.

Information that includes a location, such as coordinates, an address or a named country.