Eduqas GCSE Geography B key terms

A graph showing the frequency distribution of continuous data grouped into class intervals, with touching bars.

A coastal policy that aims to maintain the existing position of the shoreline using defences.

The current geological epoch, which began about 11,700 years ago and lies within the Quaternary period.

A place that attracts a concentration of visitors, potentially creating pressure on its environment and facilities.

A country in which a foreign multinational establishes business operations.

A hot climate with limited, unreliable rainfall, generally below 500 mm annually, but more rainfall than a hot desert.

A hot biome dominated by grasses with scattered trees, where seasonal rainfall and a prolonged dry season limit plant growth.

A region with high temperatures and limited, often seasonal rainfall, where water shortages restrict vegetation growth.

The extent to which housing costs can be paid from a household’s income while leaving enough money for other needs.

A measure combining health, education and income, scored between 0 and 1; higher values indicate higher human development.

Erosion caused by the force of moving water against a river's bed and banks, including pressure within cracks.

A graph showing how river discharge changes over time.

A testable statement predicting an outcome or relationship in an investigation.

A cylinder of ice drilled from an ice sheet or glacier. Its layers and trapped air bubbles provide evidence of past climate and atmospheric composition.

Movement into a country from another country to live there.

Material that does not allow water to pass through it readily.

A good or service bought from another country.

Unequal conditions, resources or opportunities between people or places.

The number of deaths of babies before their first birthday per 1,000 live births.

Development on vacant or derelict land within an existing urban area, also called land recycling.

The movement of water from the ground surface into the soil.

Work and businesses that operate outside formal regulation, often without secure contracts or employment protection.

An area of housing built outside formal planning arrangements, where residents may lack secure land rights and reliable services.

Radiation emitted by Earth's warmed surface and absorbed by greenhouse gases.

The networks and facilities that support an economy and society, including roads, ports, electricity supplies and telecommunications.

An older built-up area close to a city centre, often containing housing and industrial sites from earlier phases of urban growth.

Incoming solar radiation: the energy received from the Sun.

An approach that coordinates coastal management across places, activities and stakeholder interests rather than considering each separately.