Eduqas GCSE Geography B key terms

The rocks and sediments of an area, including their types and structure.

A natural process that changes the shape of the Earth's surface.

A connection between countries involving political cooperation, power or international relations, such as a trade agreement or defence alliance.

Information linked to a geographical location or area, such as flood risk along a river or population statistics within neighbourhood boundaries.

A colder phase of climate during which glaciers and ice sheets expand.

The large-scale movement of air that redistributes heat from equatorial regions towards the poles.

A city with important international connections and influence through activities such as finance, business, culture and trade.

The process through which countries and people become increasingly interconnected through flows of goods, services, money, people, information and ideas.

The long-term rise in Earth's average surface temperature.

A narrow, steep-sided valley, which can be formed by the upstream retreat of a waterfall.

The steepness of a slope, calculated by comparing its vertical change in height with its horizontal distance.

The relationship between distances along a graph axis and the values they represent.

A planning designation intended to keep land around some towns and cities largely open and restrict urban sprawl. It can include both greenfield and brownfield land.

Land that has not previously been built on, such as farmland or an undeveloped urban playing field.

The natural warming of Earth's surface and lower atmosphere caused by greenhouse gases absorbing and re-emitting outgoing infrared radiation.

A gas in the atmosphere that absorbs and re-emits infrared radiation, slowing heat loss to space. Examples include carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour.

Domestic wastewater suitable for reuse where drinking-water quality is not required, such as flushing toilets.

The total value of goods and services produced within a country over a given period, usually a year.

The total income earned by a country's people and businesses, including income earned abroad.

The replenishment of an underground water store as water infiltrates the ground.

A structure built at right angles to the shore to trap sediment moved by longshore drift.

The division of a continuous habitat into smaller, separated areas.

A large-scale atmospheric circulation cell in which air rises near the equator, moves towards the subtropics, sinks and returns towards the equator near the surface.

Flood management that uses built structures or artificial changes to a river channel to control water.

An event or condition with the potential to cause harm to people, property or the environment.

A prolonged period of unusually hot weather for a particular place and season.

A country with high average incomes and a well-developed economy.

A country with high average income per person, usually with extensive services and a relatively high standard of living.