Eduqas GCSE Geography A key terms

A fast-moving, very hot mixture of gas, ash and rock fragments travelling along the ground away from a volcano.

A frame enclosing a known area, used to sample features such as plant cover.

Non-numerical information, such as descriptions, field sketches or people's opinions.

An investigation that collects people's descriptions, opinions or judgements about places or issues, sometimes recording these through rating scales.

Someone’s overall wellbeing, including material conditions, health, safety, relationships and satisfaction with their surroundings.

Numerical information obtained by counting or measuring, such as visitor numbers or percentage vegetation cover.

One of the values dividing ordered data into four parts: the lower quartile, $Q_1$, marks 25%; the median marks 50%; the upper quartile, $Q_3$, marks 75%.

The geological period that includes repeated glacial and interglacial conditions and continues to the present.

Economic activity based on knowledge and information, such as scientific research and technological development.

A limit on the quantity of a product that may be imported or exported.

A graph with several axes radiating from a central point, used to compare related components of data.

Collecting and storing rainfall for later use, often using roofs, gutters and storage containers.

Selecting sample points or participants so that each has an equal chance of selection.

The largest data value minus the smallest data value.

The speed at which the shape or position of a landscape feature changes, measured over a stated period.

The speed at which the proportion of people living in towns and cities increases.

A comparison of quantities by division, written, for example, as $2:3$.

The replenishment of groundwater stores as water infiltrates the ground and moves down into an aquifer.

Improvement of the physical environment, for example by clearing old buildings and constructing new housing or business premises.

A person outside their country who needs international protection because they cannot safely return, for example because of persecution or conflict.

Improvement of a declining area through investment in its economy, buildings, services and environment.

Differences in economic conditions, such as income and employment opportunities, between areas of a country.

A rise in the sea’s average level compared with the land. It can result from rising ocean levels, sinking land, or both.

The consistency of results when a procedure is repeated under comparable conditions.

The shape of the land surface, including its heights and slopes.

A side-on view showing the shape of the land along a selected line.

Precipitation produced when moist air is forced to rise over high ground, cools and condenses.