Eduqas GCSE Geography A key terms

The organised transfer of refugees from a country where they have sought protection to another country that agrees to admit them.

The process by which organisms release energy from food. Respiration by plants, animals and decomposers returns carbon dioxide to their surroundings.

Travel in which visitors take responsibility for reducing harmful impacts, respecting local people and supporting the places they visit.

The sale of goods to consumers, through physical shops or online.

An earthquake magnitude scale on which each one-unit increase represents a tenfold increase in recorded seismic-wave amplitude, allowing for distance.

A long depression formed where the crust is pulled apart and a block of land sinks between faults.

The upward section of a storm hydrograph, showing discharge increasing.

The likelihood of harm occurring and the seriousness of its possible consequences.

A steep bank formed by erosion on the outside of a river bend.

The volume of water passing a point in a river each second, measured in $\text{m}^3/\text{s}$.

The pattern of variation in a river's discharge through the year.

The speed of river water in a particular direction, usually measured in metres per second.

Large boulders placed along a coast or river bank to absorb energy and reduce erosion.

The movement of detached rock fragments falling from a steep slope or cliff under gravity.

A hollow in a rocky shore that retains seawater when the tide falls.

How strongly a rock or sediment withstands erosion.

The arrangement of a rock's layers, cracks and other features that can influence how it breaks down.

An area of countryside containing smaller settlements, such as villages, with more open land and generally fewer people per unit of area than an urban area.

The activities through which people earn a living in the countryside, including farming and tourism.

Having insufficient income to meet needs while living in the countryside.

The movement of people from countryside settlements to towns and cities to live.

Transportation in which small particles bounce along the riverbed.

The entry of seawater into freshwater supplies or soil, reducing the availability of drinking water and potentially damaging crops.

A subset of a population selected for investigation.

The number of observations, measurements or respondents included in an investigation.

A mound or ridge of sand accumulated by wind, often held in place by vegetation.

The safe disposal of sewage and other waste to protect health.