Eduqas GCSE Geography A key terms

The movement of nutrients between living organisms, dead organic material and soil.

The transfer of nutrients between stores, for example from soil into plants through root uptake.

A part of an ecosystem where nutrients are held, such as biomass, litter or soil.

A long, narrow, deep depression in the ocean floor formed where a tectonic plate bends down into a subduction zone.

A question that lets respondents answer in their own words rather than choosing from fixed options.

A system with inputs and outputs that cross its boundary. A drainage basin receives precipitation and loses water through its outlet and to the atmosphere.

Selecting observations or participants because they are conveniently or safely available.

The benefit of the next-best alternative given up when money or other resources are committed to a particular choice.

A factor of ten in size: a hundredfold difference is two orders of magnitude.

An observation that lies noticeably away from the main pattern of the data.

Fruit or vegetables sold at a time when they would not normally be harvested locally.

A shopping development outside the traditional town or city centre, often with large shop units, road access and parking.

Paying another business to carry out an activity previously performed within a company. The activity may be outsourced within the same country or overseas.

The removal of groundwater faster than it is replenished over time, causing the stored supply to decline.

Grazing vegetation faster than it can recover.

Water flowing across the ground surface towards a river channel; also called surface runoff.

A scheme in which people park outside a town or city centre and complete their journey using public transport.

A recognisable arrangement in geographical evidence, such as a cluster of high values or a repeated relationship between variables.

The highest river discharge during the period shown on a hydrograph.

Restricting motor vehicles in an area so that people can use its streets mainly on foot.

The distribution of affordable housing throughout a development rather than concentrating it in a separate area.

Per person. GDP or GNI per capita is calculated by dividing the national total by the population.

A proportion expressed out of one hundred, calculated using $\frac{\text{part}}{\text{whole}}\times100$.

The increase or decrease relative to an original value, calculated using $\frac{\text{new value}-\text{original value}}{\text{original value}}\times100$.

A value at or below which a stated percentage of observations lies.

The way a person understands or interprets a place, condition or risk, influenced by their experiences, knowledge and values.

The downward movement of water through pores and cracks into rock beneath the soil.

Ground that remains frozen for at least two consecutive years.