Edexcel GCSE Geography B key terms

The path followed by the centre of a tropical cyclone over time.

The number of deaths each year per 1,000 people.

The movement of businesses, shops and other activities away from central urban locations towards suburbs or out-of-town sites.

Trees that shed their leaves seasonally, such as oak trees.

One of ten groups formed by ordering a dataset and dividing it into approximately equal parts. IMD decile 1 contains England's most deprived tenth of neighbourhoods.

The breakdown of dead organic material by organisms, returning nutrients to the soil.

The felling and clearance of trees from an area of forest.

The amount or proportion of forest cleared over a stated period, often expressed in hectares per year or as a percentage per year.

The decline of industrial activity, involving factory closures and the loss of industrial jobs.

The decline in the importance of manufacturing, particularly its share of employment, within an economy.

A depositional landform at a river mouth that develops where sediment accumulates faster than it is removed.

Changes in the characteristics of a population, such as its fertility rate, death rate and age structure.

Statistics describing a population, such as its fertility, mortality and age structure.

The study and dating of annual tree-growth rings, which can also provide evidence of past growing conditions.

Mass per unit volume: how much matter is packed into a given volume.

People in younger and older age groups who are generally more likely to rely on working-age people for support. Age groups are a guide, not a statement that every person is dependent.

Frank’s explanation that unequal relationships with wealthy countries help keep poorer countries dependent and underdeveloped.

A reduction in the number of people living in an area.

The laying down of sediment when a river can no longer transport it.

A lack of resources or opportunities across aspects of life, including income, employment, education, health and housing.

A steep, relatively high-frequency wave with backwash stronger than its swash, which tends to remove beach material.

Improvement in people's quality of life, including income, education, health and access to services.

A measurable characteristic used to assess an aspect of development.

People from a country who live elsewhere in the world, including communities descended from earlier migrants.

The erosion of different rocks at different rates because they have different resistance to erosion.

The official relationships and negotiations between countries.

A change caused immediately by an activity, such as construction adding weight to a cliff.