AQA GCSE History key terms

A limit on the number of immigrants allowed to enter a country.

Protection against a particular disease; people who recovered from smallpox were protected against catching it again.

A medicine that reduces the activity of the immune system, helping prevent it from attacking a transplanted organ.

The extension or maintenance of a country’s power over other territories and peoples.

Material intended to shape people’s beliefs and attitudes in favour of imperial expansion or rule.

A worker bound by a contract to work for an employer for an agreed period, with restrictions on their freedom to leave.

A migrant bound by a contract to work for a fixed period in exchange for benefits such as passage, food and accommodation.

A United States law passed in 1830 under President Andrew Jackson that authorised the negotiation of removals of Indigenous peoples to land west of the Mississippi; removals were frequently coerced.

Peoples whose communities inhabited a territory before colonisation by outsiders. North America contained many distinct Indigenous societies with their own governments, cultures and interests.

Discrimination resulting from a rule or practice that appears to apply equally to everyone but disadvantages a particular group.

The systematic teaching of beliefs in ways that discourage questioning or alternative views.

Action taken by workers, such as striking, to put pressure on employers over an employment dispute.

The development of an economy increasingly based on factory production rather than agriculture.

Soldiers who fight on foot, including spearmen and missile troops.

A room or building used to care for sick people, often within a monastery.

A general rise in prices, reducing what a given amount of money can buy.

Influence over another territory through economic, diplomatic or military power without fully annexing it as a colony.

The basic systems a society needs to function, such as roads, bridges, transport networks and electricity supplies.

Deliberately introducing material from smallpox sores into a healthy person to produce an infection intended to protect them against future smallpox. Also called variolation.

Racial discrimination arising from an organisation’s procedures, practices and culture, rather than only from the deliberate actions of individual members.

An armed rebellion against an established government or occupying force. In Iraq, different groups attacked Coalition troops, Iraqi authorities and civilians after the 2003 invasion.

A Church order suspending most public religious services and sacraments in an area.

A temporary administration that governs until more permanent political arrangements can be established.

A trader operating without authorisation in an area where a company claimed exclusive trading rights.

A confrontation between states that creates a serious risk of war.

The period from 1649 to 1660 between the execution of Charles I and the restoration of Charles II, when England had no reigning monarch.

The formal conferring of a Church office through presentation of its emblems. Lay investiture meant a secular ruler performing this act.

The overthrow of Iran’s monarchy in 1979 and establishment of an Islamic government led by Ayatollah Khomeini.