AQA GCSE Combined Science: Synergy key terms

The energy a moving object has because of its motion.

The substance produced by anaerobic respiration in muscles when glucose is incompletely oxidised.

The energy transferred when a substance changes state without changing temperature.

A regular, repeating arrangement of particles in a solid.

A light-dependent resistor: an electrical component whose resistance depends on the light falling on it.

A solution containing dissolved substances extracted from a solid material; in bioleaching, it contains metal compounds.

The principle that a system at equilibrium responds to a change in conditions by counteracting that change.

A hollow metal cube with differently finished faces, filled with hot water to compare infrared emission from those surfaces.

A cancer affecting blood-forming tissues, in which abnormal white blood cells are produced.

Luteinising hormone: a reproductive hormone that stimulates the release of a mature egg from an ovary.

An assessment of the environmental impacts of a material or product throughout raw material extraction and processing, manufacture and packaging, use, and disposal, including transport and distribution.

The amount of light energy reaching a given area per unit time.

A microscope that uses light and lenses to produce a magnified image.

A material that strengthens the walls of xylem vessels and helps support the plant.

An aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide used to test for carbon dioxide.

A condition or resource that restricts the rate of a process. Increasing it can increase the rate until another factor becomes limiting.

A reactant that is completely used up in a reaction and therefore limits the amount of product that can form.

The point beyond which a spring's extension is no longer directly proportional to the applied force.

The straight line along which a force acts.

An enzyme that breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

A state of matter with a fixed volume but no fixed shape; its particles are close together and can move past one another.

Indicator paper that changes colour in response to acidity or alkalinity. It is used damp when testing for chlorine.

The brown-insulated mains wire that carries the alternating potential difference from the supply.

A simplified model in which a substrate fits an enzyme’s active site like a key fitting a lock.

A pair of outer-shell electrons that is not shared in a covalent bond.

A wave whose oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer.

Electromagnetic radiation emitted by Earth’s warmed surface. Its wavelength is longer than that of the incoming solar radiation considered in the greenhouse-effect model.

Rock containing a relatively small proportion of the metal or metal compound of interest.