AQA GCSE Combined Science: Synergy key terms

A positively charged particle formed when a metal atom loses electrons.

The strong electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons.

A compound containing a metal chemically combined with oxygen.

Action that slows climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions or increasing their removal from the atmosphere.

A sub-cellular structure where the reactions of aerobic respiration take place, releasing energy for cellular processes.

Cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells, maintaining the chromosome number. It enables growth and tissue repair.

Two or more substances together that are not chemically bonded to each other.

The part of a chromatography system that moves and carries dissolved substances; in paper chromatography, this is the solvent.

The mass per mole of a substance, measured in g/mol. Its numerical value equals the substance’s relative formula mass.

The unit of amount of substance, symbol mol. One mole contains $6.02 \times 10^{23}$ specified particles, such as atoms, molecules or ions.

A compound consisting of molecules in which atoms are joined by covalent bonds through shared pairs of electrons.

A representation showing the number of atoms of each element in one molecule.

A group of atoms joined by covalent bonds.

The ratio between amounts in moles of substances that react or form, given by the coefficients in a balanced symbol equation.

Liquid as a result of being melted.

A property of a moving object equal to its mass multiplied by its velocity: $p = mv$. Momentum has direction and is measured in kg m/s.

Existing as separate, single atoms rather than as molecules.

The growing of a single crop species over an area.

A small molecule that can join with many other small molecules to form a polymer.

The force exerted on a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field.

A neurone that carries impulses from the central nervous system to an effector.

A sticky substance that traps particles, including pathogens, in the nose and airways.

An organism made up of many cells.

The birth of two or more babies from one pregnancy, such as twins or triplets.

A random change in genetic material that can produce a new inherited variant.

A unit of length equal to $10^{-9}\text{ m}$, or one billionth of a metre. Its symbol is nm.

A system of cables and transformers linking power stations to consumers.