AQA GCSE Combined Science: Synergy key terms

A change in shape or length that is not completely reversed when the deforming forces are removed.

A conducting rod or plate that does not take part chemically in the electrode reactions.

(Higher Tier only) The tendency of an object to continue in its state of rest or uniform motion.

(Higher Tier only) A measure of how difficult it is to change an object's velocity, defined as the ratio of resultant force to acceleration: $m = F/a$.

Being unable to conceive naturally.

Electromagnetic radiation that transfers energy and has wavelengths longer than those of visible red light.

A harmful condition caused by genetic information passed from parents to offspring.

The speed of an object at a particular moment.

A hormone that helps control blood glucose concentration and is used to treat Type 1 diabetes.

The dependence of organisms on one another for resources or processes such as food, shelter and reproduction.

An attractive force between separate molecules, weaker than a covalent bond.

The total energy stored by the particles in a system because of their motion and their positions relative to one another.

Competition between organisms of different species for the same limited resource.

A contraceptive device placed inside the uterus. Copper devices impair sperm; hormonal devices release a hormone.

A relationship in which multiplying one quantity by a factor divides the other by that factor, with other relevant quantities held constant.

A relationship in which light intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from a light source: $I \propto 1/d^2$.

An electrically charged particle.

The strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

The strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, acting in all directions throughout an ionic lattice.

A compound made of oppositely charged ions held together by electrostatic attraction.

An equation showing only the particles that change during a reaction, with unchanged spectator ions omitted.

The formation of ions from a substance. Acids ionise in water to produce hydrogen ions, $\mathrm{H^+}$.

Radiation with enough energy to remove electrons from atoms or molecules; it can damage DNA.

The process of exposing an object to radiation from an outside source. The irradiated object does not become radioactive.

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

A graph showing how the current through a component varies with the potential difference across it.

In vitro fertilisation: a fertility treatment in which eggs are fertilised by sperm outside the body, and an embryo is then transferred into the uterus.

The unit of energy and work done. One joule is transferred when a force of one newton causes a displacement of one metre along its line of action.