Mathematics key terms

A graph showing how an object's distance from a stated point changes over time.

A distribution shows how the values of a variable are spread across a data set and how often different values occur.

The rule that multiplying a sum or difference means multiplying every term within it: $a(b+c)=ab+ac$.

The number being divided in a division calculation.

The number by which the dividend is divided. A divisor cannot be zero.

The set of permitted input values for a function.

A notation that marks recurring digits with dots. One dot marks a single recurring digit; for a longer block, dots mark its first and last digits.

A line segment forming a boundary of a solid, often where two faces meet.

A two-dimensional view of a three-dimensional object seen directly from one side, such as the front or right.

An algebraic method in which equations are added or subtracted so that one variable disappears.

The three dots used to show that an established pattern continues indefinitely.

Empirical data consists of values obtained from observations or measurements rather than from a theoretical model.

A probability found from the results of an experiment or observed data.

A transformation that multiplies every displacement from a fixed centre by one scale factor.

Calculator notation such as 6.2E8, meaning $6.2 \times 10^8$. Some calculators use EXP or display a small $\times 10^n$ instead.

The process of listing every member or possible outcome without omissions or repetitions.

A statement that two expressions have the same value, written using $=$.

An equation stating that two ratios have the same value, such as $\frac{3}{5}=\frac{12}{20}$.

Outcomes are equally likely if each has the same probability of occurring.

Outcomes that each have the same probability of occurring.

A mathematical statement showing that two expressions have equal values.

At the same distance from two or more specified points, lines or other objects.

A triangle with three equal sides and three angles of 60°.

A value that an iterative process approaches and that remains unchanged when put back into the rule.

Fractions or decimals that represent the same value, such as $\frac25$ and $0.4$.

Expressions that have the same value for every permissible value of their variables.

A fraction with the same value as another fraction, formed by multiplying or dividing its numerator and denominator by the same non-zero number.

Fractions that have the same value even though their numerators and denominators differ.

A ratio that expresses the same comparison as another because every part has been multiplied or divided by the same non-zero number.

Ratios that have the same value because each part of one ratio has been multiplied or divided by the same non-zero number.