Mathematics key terms

Response choices that cover every possible answer relevant to the question.

A set of outcomes or events that covers every possible result, so at least one must occur.

To remove brackets by multiplying the term outside by every term inside.

The number of occurrences predicted for an event over a stated number of trials, found from probability multiplied by the number of trials.

The expected number of occurrences is the probability of an event multiplied by the number of trials; it describes a long-run average, not a guaranteed count.

The raised integer $n$ in $10^n$, showing how many factors of 10 are involved or, equivalently, how far the decimal point moves.

A graph that falls because each increase of 1 in $x$ multiplies the output by a constant between 0 and 1.

A function in which the variable appears as a power, such as $y=k^x$, where the base $k$ is a positive constant.

A graph in which the input variable appears in the exponent, such as $y=2^x$. Equal increases in the input multiply the output by the same factor.

A graph that rises because each increase of 1 in $x$ multiplies the output by a constant greater than 1.

A relationship in which equal changes in the input repeatedly multiply the output by the same factor, modelled by a function such as $y=ab^x$.

The small raised number in a power that states how many copies of the base are multiplied; in $4^3$, the exponent is 3.

A combination of numbers, variables and operations that represents a value but does not state that two quantities are equal.

An angle outside a polygon between one side and the extension of an adjacent side.

A value estimated beyond the range of the available plotted or tabulated values.

A flat part of the surface of a 3D shape. Each face is a two-dimensional shape.

A line segment joining opposite corners of a flat face of a solid.

A number or algebraic expression that is multiplied by another to form a product.

A positive whole number that divides another whole number exactly, leaving no remainder; it is also called a divisor.

Rewriting an expression as a product of factors; for example, $ax+bx=x(a+b)$.

To rewrite an expression as a product of factors, usually involving brackets.

Rewriting an expression as a product of factors which multiply to give the original expression.

Two integers whose product is a given number; for example, 3 and 6 are a factor pair of 18.

The numbers being multiplied together in a multiplication.

A chance experiment is fair when its possible individual outcomes are equally likely.

An object or process whose possible outcomes are equally likely, such as a fair six-sided die.

An experiment in which the outcomes being compared are equally likely.

A game in which the player's expected winnings equal the cost of playing, so neither player nor organiser gains on average.

The sequence $1,1,2,3,5,8,\ldots$, in which each new term is the sum of the previous two.

A sequence in which, in the usual form, each term after the first two is the sum of the preceding two terms.