History key terms

Elizabeth I’s arrangements of 1559 establishing royal authority over the Church of England and a common form of Protestant worship, while retaining some traditional features.

Allowing people to practise beliefs different from your own without persecuting them for those beliefs.

The acceptance of people practising different religious beliefs without persecution.

The introduction of troops or military installations into an area where they had previously been forbidden.

The forgiveness or release from sins promised in connection with the religious undertaking; Urban’s preaching linked this promise to repentance and participation.

A cultural movement influenced by ancient Greek and Roman learning and art; its architectural and garden designs often emphasised order, proportion and symmetry.

An ideal ruler who combined learning, cultural interests, religious devotion, physical accomplishments and royal magnificence.

A German currency backed by land and industrial assets, introduced on 15 November 1923 as a temporary solution to hyperinflation.

A public rejection or abandonment of something; Arafat’s renunciation of terrorism committed the PLO to rejecting terrorism as a means of pursuing its aims.

Committing another offence after previously being convicted or punished.

Payments required from a defeated country to compensate for damage caused during a conflict.

The return of people, such as prisoners of war, to their home country.

The removal of a law by Parliament.

The inclusion of people who speak on behalf of a wider group or community in political discussions and decisions.

The law which extended parliamentary voting rights to men aged 21 or over and to women aged 30 or over who met additional property, local-government or university qualifications.

The extent to which a source reflects a wider group, place or period rather than an individual case.

The use of force, intimidation or punishment to suppress opposition.

An attack carried out in retaliation for an earlier attack.

Retaliatory actions taken in response to an earlier attack.

Rights concerning decisions about whether and when to have children, including access to contraception and abortion.

A system of government without a monarch, in which the head of state is not a hereditary ruler.

The compulsory taking of supplies, such as grain, by the state.

An area of land set aside by the government for Indigenous peoples, restricting where they could live and use resources.

Trained soldiers who are not serving full-time but can be called back into military service when needed.

Trained personnel who can be called upon to support the regular armed forces when needed.

An immigrant who lived and worked in England rather than merely visiting it.

Actions taken to challenge, obstruct or undermine those in power, ranging from distributing critical leaflets to attempting to overthrow a government.

The return of the monarchy under Charles II in 1660.

A style of comedy associated with the restored monarchy, featuring witty dialogue, complicated romantic plots and mockery of fashionable behaviour.

A person attached to a noble’s service who could provide support, including military service, in return for rewards and protection.