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GCSE History · key term
A system of government without a monarch, in which the head of state is not a hereditary ruler.
Used by AQA, Edexcel and OCR
Paper 1, Paper 2
Revise: Impact of the First World WarThe new democratic republic became known as the Weimar Republic, after the town where its constitution was written because Berlin was unsettled.
A system of government without a monarch.
A system of government without a monarch, in which public authority is exercised through representatives and institutions.
Paper 2, Paper 3
A state without a monarch, in which government is conducted through representatives rather than a hereditary ruler.
Revise: War of IndependencePaine proposed an American republic: a country without a king, governed through elected representatives. This offered a positive alternative to British rule, rather than merely a list of complaints.
A state in which the head of state is not a hereditary monarch.
Paper 2
A state governed without a monarch. In early Rome, elected magistrates replaced the king, while the Senate remained influential.
Revise: The Overthrow of the Kings and the Establishment of the RepublicThe change was not simply the replacement of one unpopular ruler with another: Romans rejected kingship and established a republic, in which elected office-holders took over the king’s political authority.
A state governed without a king. In early Rome, elected magistrates and the Senate exercised authority, but political power was not shared equally.
Rome’s system of government after the monarchy, in which public offices replaced rule by a king.
A form of government without a monarch. Rome retained republican offices during Caesar’s lifetime, although powerful military leaders increasingly dominated political decisions.
Paper 2, Paper 3
A state governed without a monarch.
Revise: The Civil War and the Restoration of the MonarchyEngland became a republic. However, the army’s intervention in Parliament shows why this should not be treated as a straightforward victory for representative government.
A state without a monarch. The republican state established in England in 1649 was known as the Commonwealth.
A state without a monarch. After Charles I’s execution in 1649, England was declared a republic, commonly called the Commonwealth.
A system of government without a monarch; in this period, attempts to govern through Parliament and the army rather than a king.
For an explanation of the Republic’s origins, connect wartime hardship to unrest and then to the collapse of the Kaiser’s authority.
The Republic did not create the Senate from nothing: it restored and replenished an institution that had existed under the kings.
Explain the difference between ending kingship and creating political equality: the Republic initially remained dominated by patricians.
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