Citizenship Studies key terms

A licence that allows someone to learn to drive, subject to conditions such as the minimum driving age and appropriate supervision.

An organisation carrying out public functions, such as a government department, state school or public hospital.

A group of MPs that examines a bill in detail, usually line by line, and considers proposed amendments.

A process in which a public body invites people to give their views on a proposal before a decision is made.

Money spent by government on services, support and other public purposes.

A state body involved in decision-making, representation, law, accountability or service delivery, such as Parliament, a local council or a court.

The benefit or welfare of the public, rather than simply something that attracts public curiosity.

The views and attitudes held by members of the public about an issue; these views may differ between individuals and groups.

A decision or course of action adopted by government or another public authority to address an issue.

A service provided, organised or funded by government to meet public needs, such as healthcare, education or social care.

Money spent by government on public services, benefits, infrastructure and other responsibilities.

A feature that attracts someone to a destination, such as employment or joining family.

A circumstance that encourages or forces someone to leave a place, such as unemployment or persecution.

For Welsh local election candidacy, a citizen outside the Commonwealth, Irish and EU citizenship categories who does not need permission to enter or remain in the UK, or who has indefinite leave to remain.

Descriptive information, such as people's opinions, experiences and explanations in an interview.

Numerical information, such as the number of people choosing each answer in a survey.

The number of votes a candidate needs to be elected under a system such as Single Transferable Vote.

The formal process through which a state agrees to be bound by a treaty.

A voluntary wage rate based on living costs, promoted by the Living Wage Foundation rather than required by law.

A change that an employer or service provider must reasonably make to reduce disadvantages faced by a disabled person.

A judgement that answers an enquiry question and is supported by relevant evidence.

A direct vote by the electorate on a particular question.

Reviewing your experiences to identify what you learned and how you could improve.

A person outside their country who cannot safely return because of a well-founded fear of persecution.

Government operating across a region, between the level of individual local councils and central government.

A sense of belonging to a wider area within a country, such as the North East of England.

A directly elected leader of an English regional authority with devolved functions and budgets; also called a metro mayor.