Citizenship Studies key terms

The question of why MPs from Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland can vote on England-only matters at Westminster when MPs from England cannot vote on equivalent matters devolved elsewhere.

A parliamentary party organiser who maintains party discipline and encourages members to attend votes and vote as instructed.

Crime committed through a person's occupation, such as professional or financial fraud.

The generation of Caribbean migrants who came to Britain after the Second World War, associated with the arrival of Empire Windrush in 1948.

The agreement between the UK and EU setting out the terms of the UK’s departure, including financial obligations arising from membership.

A person who provides evidence relevant to a case, helping the police or court establish the facts.

A special type of magistrates’ court in England and Wales dealing with people aged 10–17.

The public body responsible for overseeing the youth justice system in England and Wales and supporting improvements in its services.

The arrangements for responding to offending by children, including prevention, support, court proceedings and supervision of sentences.

A local team that assesses and supports children involved with the law, advises courts and supervises young people serving sentences.