Key terms & definitions

A store that takes in more carbon than it releases. Growing rainforest vegetation absorbs carbon dioxide through photosynthesis and stores carbon.

A place or system, such as a forest or peat bog, that takes in and stores carbon.

A process or store that takes up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, such as growing vegetation or the oceans.

A framework of carbon atoms joined by covalent bonds, which may form a chain, branches or a ring.

A part of the Earth system in which carbon is held, such as a forest, the ocean or sedimentary rock.

A part of the environment in which carbon is held, such as the atmosphere, living organisms or limestone.

A stable compound formed when carbon monoxide binds strongly to haemoglobin.

The –COOH group that gives carboxylic acids their characteristic reactions.

A functional group written as –COOH in an amino acid.

An organic compound containing the –COOH functional group.

The starting stalls whose gates released the chariots onto a Roman racetrack.

An agent that can increase cancer risk by causing changes that damage DNA.

A substance or agent that can cause cancer.

Reliance on private cars because other ways of reaching work, services or other destinations are limited or impractical.

All the events taking place in the heart during one heartbeat, including relaxation, filling and contraction.

An increase in the size of the heart muscle through training, enabling stronger contractions.

Specialised muscle tissue in the heart that contracts repeatedly to pump blood.

The muscle tissue in the heart wall that contracts rhythmically to generate pressure and pump blood.

Muscle found only in the heart wall that contracts automatically to pump blood around the body.

The volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle in one minute, usually measured in millilitres or litres per minute.

The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per unit time, calculated as stroke volume multiplied by heart rate.

The volume of blood pumped out of the heart each minute: $\text{cardiac output} = \text{heart rate} \times \text{stroke volume}$.

A senior official in the Catholic Church, appointed by the pope. Wolsey became a cardinal in 1515.

The four central moral virtues in Catholic teaching: prudence, justice, fortitude and temperance.

The heart, blood vessels and lungs working together to supply oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide.

Disease affecting the heart or blood vessels.

A disease affecting the heart or blood vessels.

A general term for diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels.

A group of diseases affecting the heart or blood vessels.

The general term for diseases of the heart and blood vessels.