Key terms & definitions

A sponge made by incorporating air into an egg mixture through whisking, producing a light texture.

A nucleated blood cell that helps defend the body against pathogens.

An immune-system cell that helps defend the body against infection.

A blood cell that helps defend the body against infection.

An internal testing approach in which testers have knowledge of the target system and may have basic user credentials, simulating an attack from inside the system.

A group of Whitechapel businessmen and residents, led by George Lusk, which organised patrols, private detective work and a reward during the 1888 murder investigations.

Organisations of white segregationists established in the South after the 1954 school desegregation ruling, which used economic, social and political pressure to resist integration.

Crime committed through a person’s professional or occupational position, such as fraud.

Crime committed through a person's occupation, such as professional or financial fraud.

A worker doing non-manual, usually office-based work that primarily involves mental rather than physical effort.

The hot, dense core left after a red giant loses its outer layers.

An approach to feminism criticised for centring white women’s experiences while neglecting how racism and other inequalities shape the lives of other women.

An ethical hacker who has permission to test a system and helps protect it by reporting vulnerabilities.

A mixture of the different colours of visible light, from violet at the shortest visible wavelengths to red at the longest.

A resistance group founded by students in Munich in 1942 which distributed leaflets condemning Nazi rule and crimes.

The diverse anti-Bolshevik armies of the Russian Civil War, whose supporters included monarchists, former army officers, liberals and some socialists.

Spaces, tabs and blank lines used to separate and organise code.

The racist belief that white people are superior to other racial groups.

A mystery organised around discovering who committed or caused an apparent crime.

The quantity treated as the complete amount and represented by 100%.

Determining the base sequence across an organism’s complete genome.

A cereal grain or product containing all parts of the grain. Wholegrain choices generally provide more fibre than refined versions.

The total mass against which the mass of a substance or part is compared.

A business that buys goods in bulk from producers and sells them in smaller quantities to other businesses, usually retailers.

The movement of liquid along fibres or through a fabric, even when the fibres themselves absorb little moisture.

A network that usually covers a wide geographical area and is often under collective or distributed ownership. The Internet is the largest example.

Connections between relatives beyond the immediate nuclear family, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins.

A film format with a broad rectangular image, offering more horizontal space than earlier, narrower screen formats.

A shot that shows a broad view of the setting and the subjects within it, often allowing spectators to see whole-body movement.

A woman whose husband has died. In first-century Palestine, losing a husband could leave a woman without financial support and social protection.