Key terms & definitions

The tendency to fracture with little bending or permanent deformation.

The tendency of a material to crack or break rather than change shape when a force is applied.

The tendency of a material to crack or break rather than bend or deform.

The transmission of programmes by radio or television to an audience.

Permission to broadcast an event, which a media company may purchase from its organisers.

The firing of guns mounted along one side of a warship.

The communal water pump in Soho, London, that John Snow linked to the cholera outbreak of 1854.

A language area, usually in the left frontal lobe, involved in producing speech.

A steel helmet introduced for British soldiers in 1915 to provide better protection against fragments and head injuries than a soft cap.

An axis that omits part of its numerical range, normally shown using a break mark.

Money paid to compensate a player for wages lost by missing work to take part in sport.

An orange solution of bromine in water, used to test for a carbon–carbon double bond.

An orange solution of bromine in water that becomes colourless when it reacts with an alkene.

A small airway that branches from a bronchus and carries air towards the alveoli.

Inflammation of the bronchi, the airways that carry air into the lungs.

Inflammation of the bronchi, the airways carrying air into the lungs, which can cause coughing and breathing difficulties.

One of the two tubes that branch from the trachea, with one entering each lung.

An alloy of copper and tin.

The legal case in which a federal district court ruled in June 1956 that bus segregation was unconstitutional; the US Supreme Court upheld the ruling that November.

Land that has previously been developed.

Land that has previously been developed. It may be available for redevelopment, but it is not necessarily derelict or contaminated.

The case in which the US Supreme Court ruled on 17 May 1954 that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional because separate educational facilities were inherently unequal.

A stationary conducting contact that connects the power supply to the rotating split-ring commutator.

A stationary conducting contact that touches a rotating commutator, allowing current to pass between the supply and the coil.

Stationary conducting contacts that press against slip rings or a commutator to connect a rotating part to an external circuit.

An architectural style associated with exposed concrete, substantial geometric forms and an emphasis on a building’s structure.

A method of discovering a password by repeatedly trying possible combinations.

A range of standard sizes larger than the corresponding A-series size; B-series envelopes provide extra room for larger or bulkier contents.

A protein made using instructions in certain Bt genes that is toxic when eaten by particular susceptible insect pests.

The Jewish teaching that human beings are created in the image of God and therefore possess inherent dignity.