Key terms & definitions

The number of breaths taken in a given time, usually measured in breaths per minute.

The number of breaths taken per minute.

The number of breaths taken in one minute.

The volume of air breathed in or out in one breath.

The volume of air moved into or out of the lungs in one breath.

Loading ammunition through the rear of a gun barrel rather than through its muzzle.

A conservation programme that breeds endangered organisms to increase their population and help prevent extinction.

Britain’s withdrawal from the European Union, approved in the 2016 referendum and carried out in 2020.

The United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union, following the 2016 referendum.

The Soviet policy announced in 1968 claiming a right to intervene where communist rule was threatened, limiting the independence of communist states.

Money or another benefit offered to influence someone to misuse their position.

An aesthetic created by combining varied objects and materials, as in the eclectic collages and possessions in Juno’s bedroom.

A local place of detention used to hold people in custody.

A way of holding food with the thumb and fingers on opposite sides, forming an arch under which the knife cuts.

A large British people whose territory lay in northern Britain. Their internal conflict helped create the circumstances for Roman military intervention.

A small sailing warship. Cortés used thirteen brigantines on Lake Texcoco during the attack on Tenochtitlan.

A Hindu sacred text containing philosophical teachings, including discussion of the relationship between many gods and one ultimate reality.

Concentrated salt water left over from desalination.

A solution of sodium chloride in water.

Attempting to force an opponent to give way by taking a confrontation close to war.

A ceremony welcoming a baby girl into the Jewish community and covenant, often including naming and blessings.

A Black activist organisation formed in Britain in 1968 that campaigned against racist policing and discrimination in housing, education and employment.

Territories and peoples ruled or controlled by Britain beyond Britain itself.

A sense of belonging to the United Kingdom and identifying with shared British values and traditions.

A professional organisation for psychology in Britain that sets ethical and professional standards, including its Code of Ethics and Conduct.

The period of direct British Crown rule in India beginning in 1858.

A legal status historically based on allegiance to the British Crown. Under the British Nationality Act 1948, citizens of the UK and Colonies and citizens of independent Commonwealth countries shared this status.

The Jewish ceremony of male circumcision, traditionally performed when a baby is eight days old, marking the continuing Covenant with Abraham.

Likely to fracture with little bending or other deformation when a force is applied.

Likely to break or shatter rather than bend when struck.