Key terms & definitions

A sorting algorithm that repeatedly compares adjacent items and swaps them if they are in the wrong order.

A painful swelling associated with plague.

Painful swellings associated with bubonic plague, commonly found in the armpits or groin.

A bacterial disease which commonly causes fever and swollen lymph nodes, called buboes; it can be transmitted through bites from infected fleas.

Sideways deformation of a structure under compression, such as a thin card wall bowing under a downward load.

A spherical fullerene molecule containing 60 carbon atoms, with the formula C₆₀.

The first fullerene to be discovered: a spherical, hollow molecule containing 60 carbon atoms, with formula $\mathrm{C}_{60}$.

A title meaning ‘awakened one’ or ‘enlightened one’, given to Siddhartha Gautama after his Enlightenment.

The state of being a fully enlightened Buddha.

The potential within beings to become enlightened and attain Buddhahood.

An image or statue of the Buddha used as a focus for respect, reflection and Buddhist practice.

An image or statue of the Buddha, used as a focus for reverence and reflection on his example and teachings.

A Buddhist scripture recounting the lives of Buddhas, including Gotama, whose life is the subject of the prescribed passage Buddhavamsa XXVI.

An annual festival of Buddhist social action held in June, which began in Britain in 2012.

A voluntary charity established in 1986 to offer information, spiritual friendship and compassionate support from a Buddhist perspective to the living, dying and bereaved.

The government’s annual proposals for raising revenue through taxation and spending public money.

An amount of money allocated for a particular activity or period.

The amount of money available or allocated for a project.

The government's financial plan setting out expected revenue, spending and how any shortfall will be financed.

A limit on the money available to design, develop or manufacture a product.

The amount by which government spending exceeds government revenue during a particular period, usually a year.

A shortfall arising when government spending exceeds its revenue over a particular period.

Planned or forecast sales for a particular period, rather than sales already achieved.

The process of planning expected income and expenditure over a period and checking whether the plan remains affordable.

A solution that resists changes in pH and therefore keeps the reaction mixture at a chosen pH.

A solution that maintains a nearly constant pH during a reaction.

A country positioned between potentially hostile powers, intended to provide protection against attack.

Spare stock held to cover unexpected demand or delays in supply.

An area of friendly or controlled countries separating a state from potential enemies.

An area around a highly protected habitat where activities are controlled to reduce disturbance to the protected area.