Key terms & definitions

A lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart.

A lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart.

A lower chamber of the heart that receives blood from an atrium and pumps it out of the heart. The heart has a right ventricle and a left ventricle.

Finance invested in a business with growth potential, often involving high risk, in exchange for a share of ownership.

A word that expresses an action, event or state, such as ‘walks’, ‘happened’ or ‘is’.

A way of communicating meaning through words and language, whether written or spoken.

Sending and receiving messages using words, whether spoken, written or signed.

Spoken instructions or explanations that tell a performer how to perform a skill.

A contrast between what a speaker says and what they mean, often used to mock or criticise.

A learner who prefers to process information through spoken or written words.

A court's decision that an accused person is guilty or innocent.

An overall judgement about the quality or value of what is being reviewed.

A decision about whether a defendant is guilty or not guilty in a criminal trial.

The appearance of being believable or true to life, constructed through details such as familiar settings, costumes and behaviour.

The appearance of truth or believable reality created by a film.

An everyday language spoken by a population, rather than a scholarly or religious language such as Latin.

The everyday language of the people, rather than a language such as Latin used traditionally in worship.

Callipers with a sliding scale that measure dimensions more precisely than an ordinary ruler.

The peace agreements made after the First World War with Germany and the other defeated powers, which changed borders and imposed military and financial terms.

Poetry organised into lines with a rhythmic pattern. Blank verse is unrhymed verse usually written in iambic pentameter.

One of the bones making up the spine; together these bones are called vertebrae.

The column of vertebrae running down the back, supporting the body and protecting the spinal cord. Its five regions are cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum and coccyx.

A named corner of a shape, usually labelled with a capital letter such as $A$.

A corner point where edges meet.

A vertical line that a curve approaches increasingly closely; for a tangent graph, the function is undefined on this line.

An imaginary line running through the body from top to bottom, around which the body twists.

The difference between an object's starting and finishing heights, measured vertically rather than along its path.

Downward erosion of a river bed, deepening the channel and valley.

The stretching of the height scale relative to the horizontal distance scale on a cross-section, making relief more noticeable.

A merger or takeover involving businesses at different stages of the same supply chain.