Key terms & definitions

Differences in characteristics among individuals of the same species.

Differences in the characteristics of individuals within a population of the same species.

A change to familiar genre features or content that gives a media product freshness and difference.

A leaf with differently coloured areas, such as green areas containing chlorophyll and white areas lacking chlorophyll.

One of the four traditional social classes in Hindu society, associated with different roles and responsibilities.

Duties associated with a person’s varna (social class) and ashrama (stage of life).

Duties associated with a person's traditional social category, or varna, and stage of life, or ashrama.

A clear or tinted coating that forms a protective film over timber while allowing its grain to remain visible.

Applying a clear liquid coating to paper or board to change its appearance and provide some surface protection.

A discourse in the Sutta Nipata in which the Buddha teaches that deeds, not birth, determine whether someone deserves the label 'outcast'.

Redistribution of blood flow towards working muscles and away from less active areas during exercise.

The redistribution of blood flow during exercise so that working muscles receive more blood and less goes to less immediately active organs.

Male sterilisation in which the sperm ducts are cut or blocked so sperm cannot enter the semen.

The narrowing of blood vessels, reducing blood flow through vessels near the skin surface.

Narrowing of a blood vessel's lumen as muscle in its wall contracts, reducing blood flow through it.

The widening of blood vessels, allowing more blood to flow through vessels near the skin surface.

The widening of blood vessels. During exercise, vessels supplying the skin widen, allowing more blood to flow near the surface and helping the body lose heat.

The annual three-month rains retreat, during which monastics remain based in one place and intensify their practice.

A lord’s dependent landholder, owing loyalty and service in return for land.

Value added tax: a tax included in the price of many goods and services.

A belt with a wedge-shaped cross-section that fits into V-shaped pulley grooves, improving grip and reducing slipping.

Fortnite’s virtual currency, which players can use to buy eligible in-game items and content.

A carrier used to transfer a gene into a cell; a bacterial plasmid or a virus can act as a vector.

A quantity with both a magnitude and a direction.

A carrier, usually a bacterial plasmid or a virus, used to transfer a gene into a target cell in genetic engineering.

A quantity that has both a magnitude and a direction; geometrically, it represents a directed movement.

An arrow used to represent a vector: its orientation and arrowhead show direction, while its length can show magnitude when drawn to scale.

A drawing in which arrows represent vectors by their direction and scaled length.

A quantity with both a magnitude (size) and a direction.

A quantity that has both magnitude (size) and direction.