Key terms & definitions

An electron microscope that forms an image from electrons transmitted through a very thin specimen, revealing internal detail.

A high-voltage cable used to transfer electrical power over long distances.

The physical or wireless means by which data signals travel between network devices, such as copper cable, fibre-optic cable or radio waves.

The amount of data transferred across a network per second, measured in bits per second.

A company that operates in more than one country.

A business with operations in more than one country.

The extent to which a material allows light to pass through so that objects or markings behind it can be seen.

See-through; a transparent finish allows the timber grain beneath it to remain visible.

An object that transmits light so that objects can be seen clearly through it.

The loss of water vapour from plants through their leaves.

The loss of water vapour from a plant, mainly through stomata in its leaves.

The loss of water vapour from a plant through its leaves.

The amount of water a plant loses by transpiration per unit time.

The upward flow of water through xylem from the roots towards the leaves, replacing water lost by transpiration.

The continuous upward movement of water and mineral ions from roots to leaves through xylem.

An operation that transfers a donated organ or tissue into a patient to replace something damaged or failing.

A medical procedure in which cells or tissue are transferred into a patient to replace damaged or diseased material.

An operation in which a damaged organ is replaced with a healthy organ from a donor.

The transfer of living cells, tissue or an organ into a patient to replace damaged or diseased material.

An immune response in which a recipient's immune system recognises transplanted cells as foreign and attacks them.

An operation that replaces a damaged or failing organ with a donated organ.

The movement of sediment or dissolved material from one place to another.

Movement of substances between an organism and its environment, or between different parts of an organism.

The punishment of sending a convicted prisoner overseas to serve a sentence.

The carrying of rock and sediment from one place to another, for example on, within or beneath moving glacial ice.

The punishment of sending a convicted person overseas to a penal settlement.

A place where transport routes meet, allowing people or goods to transfer between routes or forms of transport.

The physical networks and facilities that enable people and goods to move, including roads, railways, ports and airports.

The layer of the TCP/IP model that enables communication between two hosts, including agreeing settings such as packet size.

A system that carries substances between exchange surfaces and cells in different parts of a multicellular organism.