Key terms & definitions

A level or boundary of training intensity that provides enough stress to stimulate improvement. Training zones use lower and upper thresholds to guide effective, appropriate training.

A characteristic of an organism, such as flower colour or milk yield. An inherited trait can be passed from parents to offspring through genes.

Writing intended to communicate with a particular audience for a practical purpose, such as informing, advising or persuading.

The forced transportation of enslaved African people across the Atlantic to work in the Americas and Caribbean.

The forced transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic, principally to the Americas, where they were sold and exploited as labour.

A water resource, such as a river or groundwater store, that crosses a national boundary and is shared by countries.

God’s existence above, beyond and independently of the created world, without being limited by it.

Beyond and not limited by the created world or human understanding.

Going beyond ordinary physical experience or material explanation. Jekyll applies the word to medicine concerned with the relationship between the body and spirit.

Jekyll’s term for medicine reaching beyond the physical world into questions of spirit and identity. Its claimed powers challenge Lanyon’s understanding of science.

Investigation that reaches beyond the physical world into questions of spirit and existence. Hyde calls Jekyll’s work “transcendental medicine” in Chapter 9; Jekyll describes his studies as tending towards “the mystic and the transcendental” in Chapter 10.

A railway crossing a continent. The First Transcontinental Railroad connected railway routes across the United States in 1869.

A written record of spoken responses, such as an interview.

The process in which RNA polymerase uses DNA to make a complementary mRNA strand.

A mistake made when copying or entering data, such as typing an extra digit.

A device that converts electrical signals into ultrasound waves and returning ultrasound waves into electrical signals.

A circuit that allows a small control signal to operate an output transducer requiring a larger current.

The conversion of one form of energy or information into another; in the retina, light is converted into electrical signals.

A record of features along a selected line through an area, showing changes in features such as vegetation, settlement or land-use. These can be displayed alongside a cross-section.

A line across a habitat along which samples are taken to investigate changes in distribution.

A line across a habitat along which organisms are recorded, directly or using quadrats, to investigate changes in distribution.

A process that moves water from one store or part of a drainage basin to another.

A diagram in which boxes represent energy stores and labelled arrows represent transfers between them.

The fraction or percentage of the available biomass that is transferred to the next trophic level.

A historical belief that disease could be transferred from a sick person to something else, such as an animal.

A medical risk in which transplanted cells carry a virus into the recipient, potentially causing infection.

A policy area devolved to the Northern Ireland Assembly, such as education or health.

The event in which Jesus’ appearance changes and his divine glory is revealed to Peter, James and John.

A change of a shape's position or orientation, such as a translation, reflection or rotation.

A matrix that acts on a coordinate column vector to give the coordinates of its image.