Key terms & definitions

The ability to sustain physical effort over time.

Shaping or cutting sheet metal using a press and shaped tooling; operations can include bending, drawing, embossing and punching.

The position an answer takes on a question or statement, maintained and developed throughout the argument.

A computer that is not connected to a network.

A military emblem carried on a pole, helping soldiers recognise their unit, maintain formation and follow its movements.

A fixed reference width used to scale every histogram height. Frequency per standard class width equals frequency density multiplied by this reference width.

A ready-made part supplied in standard sizes or specifications, such as a woodscrew, zip or resistor.

A measure of how spread out data values are around their mean.

The variety of English with widely accepted conventions of grammar, vocabulary and spelling, used appropriately in education and public communication. It can be spoken in different accents.

A way of writing a number as $a \times 10^n$, where $1 \leq a < 10$ and is an integer.

A way of writing a number as $a\times10^n$, where $1\leq a<10$ and is an integer.

A way of writing a number as $a \times 10^n$, where $1 \leq a < 10$ and is an integer.

A way of writing a positive number as $A \times 10^n$, where $1 \leq A < 10$ and is an integer.

A way of writing a number as $A \times 10^n$, where $1 \le A < 10$ and is an integer.

A way of writing a number as $a\times10^n$, where $1\leq a<10$ and is an integer.

A way of writing a number as $a \times 10^n$, where $1 \leq a < 10$ and is an integer.

A calculator key, often labelled EXP or $\times10^x$, used to enter a number multiplied by a power of ten.

The equation $(x-a)^2+(y-b)^2=r^2$, which describes a circle with centre and radius .

Making products to a consistent specification, rather than designing each item individually for a customer.

Using the same questions, procedures or recording categories for each participant so that results can be compared and the research repeated.

Using the same relevant instructions, materials and procedures across participants or conditions.

A part made to a common specification so that it is interchangeable with other parts of the same specification.

A design that uses common, fixed specifications so that products can be manufactured consistently.

The same prepared wording given to participants to explain what they should do and any relevant information about taking part.

Tobacco packaging with a standardised appearance and no promotional logos or graphics, designed to reduce its appeal while retaining health warnings.

A consistent set of steps used for participants and conditions, keeping relevant features the same apart from the intended manipulation of the independent variable.

Products made to a consistent specification rather than individually designed for each customer.

A rate calculated by applying a population’s group-specific rates to a common standard population, allowing fairer comparisons between populations with different group proportions.

A value calculated by subtracting the data set's mean from a raw value and dividing by its standard deviation. It gives the signed number of standard deviations the value lies from the mean and has no units.

A test administered and scored according to consistent rules so that results can be compared meaningfully.