Key terms & definitions

A calculation entered into a spreadsheet cell, usually beginning with an equals sign, which can use values from other cells.

A measure of a spring’s stiffness, equal to force divided by extension in the proportional region.

A measure of a spring’s stiffness: the force required per metre of extension or compression in its proportional region, measured in newtons per metre (N/m).

A tide with an especially large difference between high and low water, occurring around new and full moons.

An apparent association between variables that does not represent a direct causal link between them, for example because both are influenced by a shared background factor.

Malware that secretly monitors a user's activity and gathers information without their knowledge or consent.

A language used to retrieve and manipulate data in a relational database.

An attack in which malicious input is incorporated unsafely into a database query, changing what the query does.

A group of warships operating together as part of a larger fleet.

The result of multiplying a number or quantity by itself, such as $7^2=49$.

A factor that is a perfect square. For example, $16$ is a square factor of $48$, allowing $\sqrt{48}$ to simplify to .

A number that can be written as $n^2$, where $n$ is a positive integer.

The non-negative number which, when squared, produces a given non-negative number; for example, $\sqrt{49}=7$.

A measurement unit raised to the power 2, used for area; for example, cm².

A unit raised to the power two, such as cm² or m², used to measure area.

An area of housing built on land that residents occupy without legal permission or ownership.

A blade that spreads printing colour and pushes it through the open areas of a screen onto fabric.

A country gentleman and landowner with a prominent position in the local community; the title does not necessarily mean he is a nobleman.

The Schutzstaffel: a Nazi organisation led by Heinrich Himmler that developed from Hitler’s bodyguard into a major instrument of security, terror and racial persecution.

A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor: a type of antidepressant that acts on serotonin signalling.

Information consisting of all three side lengths.

The emotional support provided by family relationships that, according to Parsons, helps adults manage stress and maintain emotional stability.

An emulsion in which an emulsifier helps the dispersed droplets remain separate, so the mixture resists separating into layers.

A substance that helps maintain a food's texture or consistency, for example by preventing a mixture from separating.

Continuity of care, dependable relationships and a secure environment.

A timber's ability to retain its shape and dimensions rather than warp.

The false nationalist claim that Germany’s army had not really been defeated in the First World War but had been betrayed by people at home, especially civilian politicians.

The false claim that Germany’s army had been betrayed by civilians at home rather than defeated through the war.

A circular path around another body in which the orbiting object stays at a constant distance from its centre.

A community in which species and environmental factors are sufficiently balanced for population sizes to remain fairly constant.