Key terms & definitions

A community in which species and environmental conditions remain sufficiently balanced over time, although population sizes may fluctuate.

An arrangement of electrons in which the highest occupied energy level is full: 2 electrons for helium or 8 for the other noble gases.

An emulsion whose dispersed droplets remain distributed through the other liquid rather than readily separating into layers.

An isolated column of rock offshore, left when an arch roof collapses.

An organisation that represents staff interests and provides support, often through consultation and advice.

The improvement of an employee's skills, knowledge and capabilities over time, helping them perform effectively and prepare for future responsibilities.

Keeping employees working for a business rather than losing them and having to recruit replacements.

The proportion of employees who leave a business over a specified period.

The use of theatrical elements such as lighting, sound, props and movement to create meaning in performance.

An instruction in a play indicating movement, delivery, appearance or another feature of performance.

An object used by actors on stage; it can also carry symbolic meaning.

A period of slow economic growth and limited political renewal, associated particularly with the later Brezhnev years.

A coloured chemical used to increase contrast so that otherwise colourless cell structures are easier to distinguish.

A substance used to add colour and contrast so that cells or their structures are easier to distinguish.

An iron-based alloy containing chromium, and often nickel, that has good resistance to corrosion.

A property or treatment that makes a textile less likely to become stained.

A textile treatment that makes substances such as oil and water-based spills less able to attach to or penetrate the fabric.

A person, group or organisation with an interest in a decision or affected by its outcome.

A person or group that is affected by, can influence, or has an interest in a decision.

A person or group that may affect, benefit from or be harmed by a decision.

An individual or group affected by a decision, including those who receive benefits or bear risks.

An individual or organisation affected by, or with an interest in, a business’s activities, such as an employee, customer, supplier or owner.

A person or group affected by a decision, such as customers, employees, owners or the wider community.

A person or group with an interest in, influence over, or involvement with a product, or who is affected by it.

A person or group affected by, or with an interest in, an issue or proposed action.

A situation in which stakeholder groups have competing objectives, so satisfying one group may make it harder to satisfy another.

A Soviet movement encouraging increased productivity, associated with the celebrated worker Alexei Stakhanov. Boxer can be compared with its ideal of an exceptionally productive model worker.

A campaign celebrating workers who greatly exceeded production targets, named after the coal miner Alexei Stakhanov.

A situation in which neither side can make a decisive breakthrough.

The policies and system of rule associated with Joseph Stalin, including concentrated personal power, coercion and the repression of opposition.