Key terms & definitions

The material conditions of people’s lives, including what their income can buy, their working conditions and their access to goods and leisure.

The material conditions people can afford, such as housing, food and other goods and services.

The level of material comfort experienced by a person or population, associated with the quantity of goods and services used.

The default destination for a program’s output; in AQA pseudocode, OUTPUT displays its items on the monitor or screen.

A reference population used to make comparisons on a common basis. In the calculations here, its age-group numbers total 1000.

A solution whose concentration is known accurately and which is used to determine another solution's concentration.

A recognised unit used consistently to describe a measurement, such as metres for length or kilograms for mass.

An introductory sentence or paragraph, visually distinguished from the main article, which summarises or introduces the story.

A permanent military force maintained in peacetime as well as during war.

Putting yourself forward as a candidate so that voters can choose you as their representative.

A pause after microwave heating that allows heat to spread through the food, helping reduce temperature differences.

A wave pattern on a vibrating string that appears to stay in place, with still points and moving sections.

A wave pattern with fixed positions of little or no movement and vibrating loops between them.

A group of lines forming a section of a poem, usually separated from other groups by a blank line.

The system that channelled the wool trade through designated markets, helping the Crown control trade and calculate taxes.

A short fibre that can be spun with other fibres to form a continuous yarn.

A food eaten regularly that forms an important part of a population’s diet, such as potatoes, rice or maize.

A long-established industry employing large numbers of workers, such as coal mining, shipbuilding or steelmaking in Britain.

A huge, hot body that produces its own light; the Sun is the star in our Solar System.

A product with high market share in a high-growth market.

An insoluble carbohydrate into which plants convert glucose for storage.

A carbohydrate made from glucose that stores energy in plants.

A carbohydrate made from many linked sugar units, stored in granules in foods such as flour, rice and potatoes.

A royal court which could hear cases against powerful people who might escape punishment in local courts.

A chemical test in which iodine solution changes from orange-brown to blue-black when starch is present.

A test using iodine solution: a blue-black colour indicates starch is present; an orange-brown colour indicates starch is absent.

A food rich in starch, such as bread, rice, pasta or potatoes, which provides carbohydrate for energy.

A graph with axes radiating from a common centre, used to display several characteristics of a place or dataset. Plotted values are joined to form a shape.

The public identity of a film star, formed through screen roles, performances, publicity and information about their life.

The public identity constructed for a celebrity through media appearances, performances and publicity.