Key terms & definitions

A Sikh who follows the Sikh path gradually but has not undergone initiation into the Khalsa; also spelt sahajdhari.

A Sikh who follows Sikh beliefs and teachings but has not received amrit, often understood as someone adopting Sikh practice gradually.

The early revealed scrolls associated with Ibrahim and Musa, which Muslims believe have been lost.

Meaning ‘sound’ or ‘authentic’; a classification for a Hadith judged to meet rigorous standards of reliability.

A collection of authentic Hadith compiled by Muhammad ibn Isma‘il al-Bukhari, regarded by Sunni Muslims as one of their most authoritative Hadith collections.

A collection of authentic Hadith compiled by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, regarded by Sunni Muslims as one of their most authoritative Hadith collections.

Travelling seven times between Safa and Marwah, recalling Hajira’s search for water.

A workshop or large working space where sails are made and repaired.

A Buddhist women’s organisation established in Bodhgaya in 1987 to connect Buddhist women and address their concerns, including educational opportunities. Its name means ‘Daughters of the Buddha’.

A tax raised to finance the crusade. Those who went on crusade were exempt from paying it.

The prescribed Muslim prayer performed five times each day, using set recitations and movements to worship Allah.

The gradual elimination of political opponents and takeover of institutions, allowing communists to consolidate power bit by bit.

A fixed annual amount of pay, usually paid in monthly instalments.

An event at Hailsham where students obtain items brought from outside the school, rather than work made by fellow students.

Raising money by selling items owned by a business, such as equipment, vehicles or buildings.

The stages through which a customer moves, from initial contact with a business or product to purchasing and receiving support afterwards.

An incentive or activity designed to encourage purchases, often by offering a temporary benefit such as a discount or free gift.

The income earned from selling goods or services, calculated as selling price multiplied by quantity sold.

The total monetary value of sales over a given period, also called sales revenue.

The number of units a business sells over a given period.

The French succession principle used to exclude inheritance of the throne through a woman, preventing Edward III from inheriting through his mother, Isabella.

A section of a battlefront that projects into enemy-held territory and can be attacked from its exposed sides.

A group of twelve priests of Mars Gradivus who processed through Rome carrying sacred shields, singing and dancing.

Water containing a high concentration of dissolved salts, such as seawater.

The build-up of salts in soil, which can reduce crop growth.

The oath sworn at Old Sarum on 1 August 1086 by important landholders, including some subtenants, promising loyalty to William I above other men.

A small defended exit through fortifications, allowing defenders to make a sudden counter-attack.

An illness caused by Salmonella bacteria, usually after the bacteria are swallowed in contaminated food.

A bacterial infection spread by swallowing Salmonella bacteria in contaminated food, causing fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea.

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks: negotiations between the USA and Soviet Union intended to restrict strategic nuclear weapons systems.