Key terms & definitions

An ionic compound containing positive ions and negative ions, with no overall electrical charge.

An ionic compound formed when the hydrogen ions of an acid are replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions.

The first Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, which produced the ABM Treaty and an interim agreement on strategic offensive arms, signed by Nixon and Brezhnev on 26 May 1972.

Transportation in which small stones and pebbles bounce along the river bed.

A coastal wetland regularly flooded by seawater, with salt-tolerant vegetation that can reduce wave energy.

An aqueous solution containing dissolved ions from a salt, including positive metal ions for a metal salt.

The entry of saltwater into freshwater supplies or land, reducing water quality and potentially damaging vegetation.

The movement of saltwater into freshwater environments or soils.

The formal morning greeting through which Roman clients visited and showed respect to their patrons.

The greeting at the beginning of a letter, such as ‘Dear Ms Patel’.

An arsenic-based chemical treatment for syphilis, identified as effective by Sahachiro Hata in 1909 during his work with Paul Ehrlich.

Being saved from sin and its consequences, enabling a restored relationship with God and the possibility of eternal life.

A traditional South Asian outfit consisting of trousers and a long shirt or tunic, widely worn in Pakistan.

Spiritual listening: a Sufi gathering involving music or singing intended to awaken love for Allah and spiritual awareness.

A state of deep meditative absorption in which the mind is steadied and spiritual reality is realised.

Calming meditation that develops concentration and tranquillity by maintaining attention on a focus, such as breathing.

A family in which two parents of the same sex raise children together.

A family consisting of a same-sex couple and their children.

A legally recognised marriage between two people of the same sex.

A parent raising a child together with a partner of the same sex.

A family in which a child or children are raised by two parents of the same sex.

People in a same-sex relationship who raise children together.

A relationship between two people of the same sex.

A sexual relationship involving people of the same sex.

Glossy red Roman tableware, often decorated, which was imported into Britain from Gaul during the conquest period.

A smaller group of people, places or observation times selected to represent a larger group.

A smaller group selected from a population to provide data about that population.

A small portion taken from a larger amount of material for testing.

A smaller group selected from a population to collect information about that population.

A smaller part of a population from which data are collected.