Key terms & definitions

The frequency at which an object's emitted radiation is strongest.

The positive square root represented by the symbol $\sqrt{\phantom{x}}$; for example, $\sqrt{25}=$.

The system of imperial rule established under Augustus, in which the emperor held dominant power while retaining many Republican institutions.

The headquarters building of a Roman military base, used for administration and to hold standards and money.

A moral belief or rule that guides behaviour, including when following it is difficult.

A fundamental idea that guides how society should be organised and how decisions should be made.

The rule agreed in the Good Friday Agreement that Northern Ireland’s constitutional status cannot change without the consent of a majority of its people.

The rule that, for a balanced object, the total clockwise moment about a pivot equals the total anticlockwise moment about that pivot.

For a balanced body, the total clockwise moment about a pivot equals the total anticlockwise moment about that pivot.

The theory that patterns of behaviour found at the top of the social stratification system will later spread downwards to other social classes.

A rule used to guide the design of an effective exercise or training programme.

The ethical principle that actions should promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number.

How suitable a material’s surface is for receiving clear, consistent printed text or images.

A board carrying copper tracks that connect electronic components; PCB stands for printed circuit board.

An insulating board with conductive tracks and contact pads that connect and support electronic components.

Transferring colour to selected areas of a textile surface to create a design.

The agreed sequence in which the operations in a calculation are performed.

A religious community governed by a prior or prioress, or the buildings occupied by that community.

A solid with two congruent, parallel polygonal ends and the same cross-section throughout its length.

A three-dimensional solid with the same polygonal cross-section throughout its length.

A punishment in which an offender is confined in a secure institution and deprived of liberty.

A person who provides pastoral and, where appropriate, religious support to prisoners, their families and prison staff.

Spiritual and pastoral support offered to people in prison, including guidance in religious teaching and practice.

A person held captive by an enemy during a war.

A place where captured members of enemy armed forces were held during a war.

A Christian organisation whose work includes prayer, support for prisoners and their families, and restorative justice programmes.

An old ship used to hold prisoners rather than transport them.

A ship no longer in normal seagoing service that has been converted into a floating prison.

Changes intended to improve prison conditions or the treatment of prisoners.

Changes to the prison system intended to improve prisoners' treatment and conditions and make the system more just, humane and effective.