Key terms & definitions

A granted legal right protecting an invention and allowing its owner to prevent others from making, using or selling it without permission.

A commercially sold remedy advertised as treating or curing disease; nineteenth-century claims were often unsupported.

The male head of a Roman household, who held authority over family members under his power and managed the household’s interests.

An attitude in which rulers claim to act for other people’s benefit while denying them an equal say in decisions.

A relationship in which a person with greater power provides care and protection in a father-like way, while retaining authority over those helped.

An approach which presents an authority figure as a caring father, while retaining unequal power over those receiving care.

A route through a tree diagram from start to finish, representing one complete sequence of outcomes.

The attribution of human feelings to nature, often allowing a setting to reflect a speaker’s emotional state.

The use of weather or the natural environment to reflect human emotions.

A microorganism or other infectious agent that causes disease.

A disease-causing agent, such as a bacterium, virus, fungus or protist.

A microorganism that causes disease.

A bacterium that can cause disease, including food poisoning.

A quality that arouses pity or sympathetic sadness, often because someone seems vulnerable.

An appeal to the audience’s sympathy or sorrow, often created by depicting suffering, helplessness or loss.

Dependent origination: the teaching that things arise through supporting causes and conditions rather than existing independently. Also called dependent arising or conditionality.

The Pali term for dependent arising: the teaching that things and experiences depend on causes and conditions.

Remaining calm and persevering when facing difficulties, delays or other people's faults.

A status introduced by the Immigration Act 1971 that gave qualifying people the right of abode in the United Kingdom.

The legal authority of a Roman father over members of his household.

‘Paternal power’: the legal authority of a Roman paterfamilias over descendants subject to his control.

A senior Church leader with authority over a major religious centre and its surrounding churches. Jerusalem’s Latin patriarch led its Latin Christian Church.

A male head of a family or community who holds authority over others.

A founding male ancestor of the Jewish people. Abraham, Isaac and Jacob are the Jewish patriarchs.

A family in which a male member holds dominant authority.

Walby's term for arrangements in which men benefit from and exploit women's unpaid labour in the home.

A society in which men hold most power and authority, shaping women’s opportunities and treatment.

A society in which men hold most positions of authority and women generally have less power and status.

An organised pattern of relationships or practices that helps maintain men's domination over women.

A system in which men hold most power and authority in society.