Key terms & definitions

A full-size shape used to mark out and cut a fabric piece accurately, including any required seam allowance and assembly markings.

A mechanism in which a pawl engages a toothed ratchet wheel to allow rotation in one direction while preventing reverse rotation.

An international Catholic peace movement whose name means ‘Peace of Christ’. It promotes peace, reconciliation and nonviolence.

‘Peace of the gods’: a favourable relationship between the Roman community and its gods, maintained through appropriate religious observance.

‘Roman peace’: the peace and stability associated with Roman rule, which Augustus promoted as an achievement of his leadership.

Settlers from Paxton in Pennsylvania who murdered peaceful Conestoga people in December 1763 and marched towards Philadelphia in February 1764.

Money an employee receives in return for their work, such as a wage or salary.

A method through which a business receives money from customers, such as an online card payment or a contactless payment.

A restriction requiring users to pay before accessing some or all of a website’s content.

The process of fitting electronic components onto a printed circuit board.

A laboratory technique that makes many copies of a chosen DNA sequence so it can be detected.

The absence of war and violence, together with harmony between people or groups.

Long-term work to establish lasting peace by rebuilding trust, institutions and fair conditions after or before conflict.

The idea that capitalist and communist states could exist alongside one another without going to war.

The idea that communist and capitalist states could exist alongside one another without going to war.

Action to maintain peace or a ceasefire, including monitoring opposing forces and preventing incidents from escalating.

Someone who actively works to prevent violence, resolve disputes or build peaceful relationships.

Active work to prevent or end violence and resolve the disagreements or injustices behind conflict.

Active work to prevent or end violence and create peaceful relationships.

A disputed formal peace agreement between Athens and Persia, sometimes dated to about 449 BC rather than immediately after Eurymedon.

A Church movement intended to protect non-combatants and Church property from violence.

The peace settlement of 1783 ending the war; its Anglo-American treaty recognised the independence of the United States.

The ways Quakers put their commitment to peace into practice, from everyday relationships to resisting war and building peace internationally.

Nixon’s stated aim of ending American involvement in Vietnam without appearing to abandon an ally or admit defeat.

A period when a particular kind of activity at a site reached its greatest extent or intensity.

The highest river discharge reached during a particular event.

The highest rainfall value shown for a recording interval during a storm.

The wavelength at which an object's emitted radiation has its greatest intensity.

The wavelength at which an object's emission is strongest within its range of emitted wavelengths.

A measure of the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables, commonly written as $r$.